Question 1

Three key factors that contribute to a female primate's success at feeding are:

Accepted Answer

A)   speed, agility, and strength.
B)   source, quantity, and safety.
C)   quality, distribution, and availability of food.
D)   cooperation, altruism, and quantity for sharing.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Male primates compete for access to females and to maintain social groupings through all of the following social strategies EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   infanticide.
B)   vocalizing through loud territorial calls.
C)   fighting to maintain dominance of a one-male, multifemale group
D)   forming long-term cooperative relationships with multiple females.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Predator-specific vocalizations in Diana monkeys vary based on:

Accepted Answer

A)   the type of predator and the predator's attack strategy.
B)   lessons taught by primatologists.
C)   emotional impulses produced randomly and involuntarily.
D)   individual factors, as in humans.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Why are primates social in the short term?

Accepted Answer

A)   to increase female fecundity in dominant females only
B)   to increase interaction between sexually mature males and females
C)   to establish social relationships to prevent attacks from predators
D)   to share food sourcesE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Distribution refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   the location of food across the landscape.
B)   the dispersal of a primate group, particularly regarding food scavenging.
C)   the equitable distribution of food among relatives.
D)   the adjustment in size of a feeding group.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Female reproductive strategies emphasize:

Accepted Answer

A)   bonding with the dominant male monogamously.
B)   having one birth per year.
C)   having twin births every year.
D)   caring for young and ensuring access to food.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Diversity in primate societies means that:

Accepted Answer

A)   primates express themselves socially through a wide range of behaviors.
B)   primates encompass a variety of species with similar behaviors.
C)   primates can be classified into particular species exhibiting one type of behavior.
D)   primates are just as diverse in their behavior as are humans.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Natural selection favors behaviors that enhance:

Accepted Answer

A)   body size.
B)   brain size.
C)   population size.
D)   survival and reproduction.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Polyandrous residence patterns represent:

Accepted Answer

A)   a social grouping that includes multiple adult males and females.
B)   common observations in prosimians and Old World monkeys.
C)   a social grouping in which males cooperate in parenting activities.
D)   a social grouping that includes one male and multiple females.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Why are primates social in the long term?

Accepted Answer

A)   to reduce stress, promote longevity, and enhance reproductive success
B)   to increase relationships between kin for the improvement of the society
C)   to emphasize care of the young
D)   to develop support for females to increase fecundityE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Vocalizations enable primates to:

Accepted Answer

A)   communicate as humans do.
B)   solve distressing situations among primate groups.
C)   name resources and monitor the social group.
D)   communicate, but only between members of the same hierarchy.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Compare and contrast male and female primates in terms of reproductive strategies and competition.

Accepted Answer

Males compete physically for access to f...

Question 13

A male and female gibbon that are similar in size are likely showing:

Accepted Answer

A)   the lack of sexual dimorphism due to the polygamous social structure in gibbons.
B)   the lack of sexual dimorphism as the result of unequal access to resources within their environment.
C)   the lack of sexual dimorphism due to decreased competition for mates in a monogamous social structure.
D)   the lack of sexual dimorphism, which is not related to social structure in gibbons.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Male reproductive strategies emphasize:

Accepted Answer

A)   competition between males for access to reproductive-age females.
B)   risk-taking behavior.
C)   violence against competitors for female access.
D)   care of young.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Variation in predator-specific vocalizations in the monkeys of the Tai Forest:

Accepted Answer

A)   includes stress calls between kin only.
B)   includes mating calls between dominant primates only.
C)   includes two different alarm calls indicating another group of chimpanzees or humans.
D)   includes two different loud alarm calls in response to predators, aerial and terrestrial.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Polygynous:

Accepted Answer

A)   means "many marriages."
B)   means "many offspring."
C)   refers to a social group that includes one female and several males.
D)   refers to a social group that includes one adult male, several adult females, and their offspring.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Kin selection refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   nonaltruistic behavior toward other members of the kin group.
B)   altruistic behavior that increases the donor's inclusive fitness and that of the donor's relatives.
C)   altruistic behavior that promotes kin-like bonding among nonkin.
D)   altruistic behavior that increases only the donor's inclusive fitness.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following are NOT known primate residence patterns?

Accepted Answer

A)   one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary
B)   one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female
C)   one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary
D)   all-female; multimale, one female; solitaryE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

All-male groups of nonhuman primates:

Accepted Answer

A)   are often polyandrous, before females join other existing groups.
B)   often exist together with multimale, multifemale groups.
C)   become permanent groups with rigid ranking systems.
D)   do not exist in the wild.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Primate societies are diverse in several ways, including that:

Accepted Answer

A)   several species of primates coexist socially.
B)   many primate societies are complexly organized.
C)   some primate societies are male only.
D)   some primate societies are female only.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 7: Primate Sociality, Social Behavior, and Culture

Polyandrous residence patterns represent:

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Polygynous:

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Why are primates social in the long term?

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A male and female gibbon that are similar in size are likely showing:

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Diversity in primate societies means that:

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Vocalizations enable primates to:

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Kin selection refers to:

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Male reproductive strategies emphasize:

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Primate societies are diverse in several ways, including that:

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Distribution refers to:

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Why are primates social in the short term?

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Natural selection favors behaviors that enhance:

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Male primates compete for access to females and to maintain social groupings through all of the following social strategies EXCEPT:

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Compare and contrast male and female primates in terms of reproductive strategies and competition.

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Which of the following are NOT known primate residence patterns?

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Three key factors that contribute to a female primate's success at feeding are:

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Variation in predator-specific vocalizations in the monkeys of the Tai Forest:

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All-male groups of nonhuman primates:

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Predator-specific vocalizations in Diana monkeys vary based on:

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Female reproductive strategies emphasize:

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Males compete physically for access to f...
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