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Bottom of the pyramid refers to


A) the largest and most powerful socioeconomic group of people in the world whose combined buying power essentially dominates the world's economy.
B) the tenth lowest firm,in terms of market share,within any given industry.
C) the last link in the chain between the manufacturer and the ultimate consumer.
D) the department within a firm with the least input into how the organization operates.
E) the largest,but poorest socioeconomic group of people in the world.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements about world trade flows is most accurate?


A) The United States is tied with China and Japan as the world's leaders in exports.
B) The U.S.percentage share of world exports has shifted downwards over the past 30 years.
C) The U.S.has maintained a steady percentage share of world imports.
D) The United States' relative role as an exporter has decreased in the area of aerospace during the past five years.
E) The relative position of the U.S.as a supplier to the world has increased because of an absolute growth in exports.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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The Tahitian pearl market might never have existed were it not for Salvador Assael,the "pearl king" of the South Seas.Assael got into the pearl business at the end of World War II.Tahiti had thousands of Swiss watches but suddenly had no GIs to buy them.Assael observed that the Japanese were desperate for watches but had no cash,and also,that the Japanese still had a pearl industry.So,Assael oversaw the swapping of watches for pearls,which were then sold to the Australian and U.S.markets.This international barter is an example of


A) a reciprocity agreement.
B) balance of trade.
C) cross-cultural commerce.
D) countertrade.
E) a trade feedback effect.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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What is the term for a firm selling a product in a foreign country below its domestic price or below its actual cost?


A) dumping
B) surplus marketing
C) second-market pricing
D) channeling
E) entrepreneurial pricing

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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KFC in Japan sells tempura crispy strips.In northern England,it stresses gravy and potatoes.In Thailand,it offers fresh rice.In Holland,instead of potatoes,KFC offers customers a potato and onion croquette.In France,KFC sells pastries alongside its chicken.These examples illustrate that KFC exhibits an understanding of and appreciation for the __________ of other societies.


A) demographics
B) symbols
C) sensitivities
D) customs
E) values

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Personally or socially preferable modes of conduct or states of existence that tend to persist over time are referred to as __________.


A) customs
B) ethics
C) values
D) culture
E) beliefs

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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Describe the elements in a global channel of distribution.

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Figure 7-5 outlines the channel through ...

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When a nation's exports exceed its imports,it incurs a __________ in its balance of trade.


A) countertrade
B) trade feedback effect
C) deficit
D) surplus
E) tariff

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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PepsiCo and __________ entered into a joint venture to market Frito-Lay's,Cheetos,Ruffles,and Doritos in Israel.


A) The Strauss Group
B) Ericsson
C) General Mills
D) Hebrew National
E) CGCT

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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If you wanted to set up a business importing amber jewelry from Latvia to the United States,you would have to plan on paying the U.S.Customs Service roughly 20 percent of the value of the product as a(n) __________.


A) bribe
B) tariff
C) subsidy
D) excise tax
E) quota

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Consider the Kit Kat Bar photo above.NestlΓ© markets its Kit Kat bar globally,including Japan.In Japan,"Kit Kat" means "I hope you win." Experienced global marketers are concerned with _________,which involves using interpreters to ensure that words used in brand names or advertisements in a foreign market do not cause problems or errors in meaning.


A) unispeak
B) back translation
C) semiotics
D) semantic symbolism
E) linguistic exchange

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Identify and describe the factors a company should consider in order to do a thorough cross-cultural analysis.In your answer,be sure to define cross-cultural analysis.

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Cross-cultural analysis involves the stu...

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Japanese car safety rules effectively require all automobile replacement parts to be Japanese and the country has about 11,000 other rules that specify how other goods are to be made and marketed.These rules often function as __________.


A) economic infrastructure
B) trade barriers
C) universal codes
D) binding requirements
E) "the price of doing business"

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Dell established its company primarily with direct telephone-and Internet-based sales.In terms of Dell's global expansion strategy,which of the following statements is most accurate?


A) Dell sells its computers via word of mouth,which is the most powerful method for consumer electronics.
B) Dell partners with each country's largest department stores and sells its computers in the small appliance department.
C) Dell issues its own credit card through multinational banks,making it possible for customers who would not normally qualify for credit to do so.
D) Dell distributes its products through individual sales associates who reach out to customers with a first-hand experience at their doorsteps.
E) Dell maintains the exact same U.S.strategies that brought it this far because it sees no reason to "mess with success."

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The representations of ideas and concepts to which different cultures often attach different meanings are referred to as


A) universal symbols.
B) cultural symbols.
C) symbolic concepts.
D) ideological representations.
E) cultural representations.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Russia currently has a limit on pork of 400,000 metric tons annually that can be imported from any country.This restriction would be considered a


A) tariff.
B) trade imbalance.
C) excise tax.
D) quota.
E) subsidy.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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Those in favor of protectionism argue that it


A) helps reduce tariffs and quotas.
B) encourages the development of domestic industries.
C) encourages economic reliance on foreign countries.
D) creates opportunities for the outsourcing of domestic jobs.
E) creates a more favorable environment for a global economy.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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"A signal that the world's trading nations are committed to open markets-and will resist protectionism-would inject confidence and energy into our markets," says the U.S.Trade Representative.Discuss this statement.

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This statement indicates that the U.S.Tr...

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S.citizens pay $5 billion more annually for shoes and Japanese citizens pay $6 billion more for rice than the actual cost of the products because


A) both countries have suffered major financial crises due a severe trade imbalance.
B) both countries have imposed tariffs on imported goods to protect their domestic markets.
C) both countries have imposed limits on the quantity of these goods that can leave their respective domestic markets.
D) both products are considered essentials and as a result are more heavily taxed.
E) these products were purchased at a lower price from nations that currently are under governmental sanctions.

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following statements about the World Trade Organization (WTO) is most accurate?


A) The World Trade organization was formed in 2008 in response to the global recession.
B) The 183 member countries of the WTO account for approximately 55 percent of world trade.
C) The WTO acts as an agent in trade negotiations between its members and the remainder of the world.
D) The WTO uses panels of trade experts who can issue binding decisions.
E) The WTO was formed by the United Nations.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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