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Exam 6: Deviance and Social Control

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Question 1

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What is the MOST common martial status found among inmates in U.S. state prisons?

A) married
B) divorced
C) widowed
D) never married

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 2

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-Examine Table 6.2,"Women and Crime: What a Difference a Few Years Make." What is the problem with using only percentage changes for the crimes? Why would including the actual rate of the crimes specified for women be more descriptive?

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Car theft is rated as a 65 percent increase. However,for every 100 car thefts in 1992,if two were committed by women,and in 2009 five were committed by women,this would represent a 150 percent increase. Illegal drug use is up only 14 percent. If 40 of every 100 drug offenders were women in 1992,a 14 percent increase would now mean 45 out of 100 drug offenses were committed by women. Looking at the raw numbers also conveys an understanding of the seriousness the change actually presents.

Question 3

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According to control theory,when are inner controls MOST effective in deterring deviant behavior?

Define recidivism and identify the recidivism rate for violent offenders three years after they have been released from prison.

What are some common characteristics,outlined in the text,shared by the American prison population?

Discuss three theories,either rejected or commonly accepted,that have used biological explanations to explain deviance.

What is a group's formal and informal means of enforcing norms called?

The term white-collar crime was coined by sociologist ________ to refer to crimes that people of respectable social status commit in the course of their occupation.

Symbolic interactionists emphasize the importance of the meanings attributed to behaviors by the actors. What meanings did the "Saints" and the "Roughnecks" give to being apologetic to teachers and police? How did these different meanings result in very different outcomes when members of each group were caught committing crimes?

-Figure 6.2,"How Much Is Enough? The Explosion in the Number of U.S. Prisoners," shows the U.S. prison population has increased nearly tenfold since 1970. What are some reasons for this massive increase in the prison population and what are some alternatives to building more prisons?

-Based on Table 6.3,"Inmates in U.S. State and Federal Prisons," what is the profile of the LEAST likely individual to be a prison inmate?

What are the three classifications of workers based on the conflict perspective?

Functionalists believe deviance has no useful purpose in society and only contributes to social chaos.

In terms of cultural goals and means to attain them,describe each of the five modes of adaptation that Merton outlined in strain theory.

Why did the "XYY" chromosome theory fall out of favor as an explanation for criminal behavior?

Since the new laws governing the death penalty were enacted following Furman v. Georgia,what is the breakdown of the offenders executed based on race?

How has criminal behavior among women changed in recent years,based on statistics from 1992 and 2009?

The term degradation ceremony was coined by sociologist ________.

What is the relativity of deviance?

Because deviance is inevitable,the more important focus is to find ways to protect people from harmful deviant acts,to find ways to tolerate behavior that is not harmful,and to develop a system of fair treatment for deviants.