Question 1

According to Kitcher, a science is successful when it provides the means to numerous, diverse hypothetical ends which would not be easily achieved individually.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

According to the author, the most influential of the 19th century social thinkers was:

Accepted Answer

A)   Charles Darwin.
B)   Karl Marx.
C)   Albert Einstein.
D)   Thomas Kuhn.
E)   Francis Bacon.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

Copernicus was the first thinker to publicly assert that the earth was not the center of the solar system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The author of our text ultimately agrees with Feyerabend's pluralist viewpoint on scientific truth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Kuhn's view is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   scientific views only appear to change.
B)   scientific development consists of long periods of calm, punctuated by occasional periods of sudden forward progress.
C)   scientific progress is slow but steady.
D)   the most reasonable scientific view must ultimately triumph.
E)   None of the aboveF) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

The discovery of a counter-instance to a paradigm:

Accepted Answer

A)   falsifies the paradigm.
B)   will cause the paradigm to be renounced by its followers.
C)   provokes a crisis.
D)   None of the above
E)   All of the aboveF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 7

In assessing theories, the more innovative of two theories is preferable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Kuhn holds that textbooks play no meaningful role in science.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to Bacon, the first step in a scientific investigation is to carefully define the true nature of the "form" being studied.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 10

Bacon tells us how science ought to be conducted, rather than how it actually is.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to Ken Ham, evolution is a religion. .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

An important characteristic of a paradigm is that is:

Accepted Answer

A)   it must be original enough to attract adherents.
B)   it should be correct, or at least close.
C)   it should resolve all important problems in its field.
D)   it should not be "open-ended."
E)   All of the aboveF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Popper views scientific theories as provisionally true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Ackerman's "lost children" example shows that scientists should organize themselves to research as a group, rather than as individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Newton used Bacon's methods in deriving the laws of celestial and terrestrial motion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 16

According to Kuhn, a scientific theory is rejected:

Accepted Answer

A)   when a falsifying observation is encountered and publicized.
B)   based on a comparison of the theory with the world.
C)   anytime it begins to produce severe anomalies.
D)   when it produces severe anomalies and an alternative view is available.
E)   under no circumstances.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

Kuhn showed that paradigm change always takes place within a larger, more inclusive paradigm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Kuhn says a paradigm succeeds when:

Accepted Answer

A)   it is proven right.
B)   it attracts enough important followers.
C)   enough evidence accumulates in its favor.
D)   it solves all the problems left by its predecessor.
E)   None of the aboveF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 19

If there are theory-neutral observations, then science should show steady progress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to Popper, no scientific theory can ever be conclusively verified.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Philosophy of Science

According to Kitcher, a science is successful when it provides the means to numerous, diverse hypothetical ends which would not be easily achieved individually.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

According to the author, the most influential of the 19th century social thinkers was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Copernicus was the first thinker to publicly assert that the earth was not the center of the solar system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The author of our text ultimately agrees with Feyerabend's pluralist viewpoint on scientific truth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kuhn's view is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The discovery of a counter-instance to a paradigm:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In assessing theories, the more innovative of two theories is preferable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kuhn holds that textbooks play no meaningful role in science.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Bacon, the first step in a scientific investigation is to carefully define the true nature of the "form" being studied.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Bacon tells us how science ought to be conducted, rather than how it actually is.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Ken Ham, evolution is a religion. .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An important characteristic of a paradigm is that is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Popper views scientific theories as provisionally true.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ackerman's "lost children" example shows that scientists should organize themselves to research as a group, rather than as individuals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Newton used Bacon's methods in deriving the laws of celestial and terrestrial motion.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

According to Kuhn, a scientific theory is rejected:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kuhn showed that paradigm change always takes place within a larger, more inclusive paradigm.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kuhn says a paradigm succeeds when:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If there are theory-neutral observations, then science should show steady progress.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Popper, no scientific theory can ever be conclusively verified.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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False

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False

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