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Suppose that smart phone producers meet secretly and agree to issue the smart phones of their most successful models sequentially and at the same price that maximizes their profits.After hearing about the secret meeting the U.S.Justice Department is most likely to file charges under the


A) Sherman Act.
B) Wheeler-Lea Act.
C) Robinson-Patman Act.
D) FTC Act.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A major shortcoming of the Sherman Act was that


A) when it was passed,there were no violations,so the Supreme Court ruled it unnecessary.
B) it failed to explicitly state which specific activities were illegal.
C) violators of the Act were forced out of business.
D) it was not enforced by the courts.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A common feature of regulated industries is cross-subsidization,which is a situation when one group of customers pays prices above costs while another group of customers pays prices below costs.The one group is subsidizing the other group.Is this practice more consistent with the capture hypothesis or the share-the-gains,share-the-pains theory? Explain.

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Cross-subsidization is more consistent w...

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Distinguish between cost-of-service regulation and rate-of return regulation.What problem is inherent in both types of regulation?

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Cost-of-service regulation allows the re...

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Natural monopolies


A) have one lowest-cost producer in an industry.
B) are not regulated.
C) have long-run average costs equal to zero.
D) do not experience economies of scale.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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In average cost pricing,the natural monopoly would have to set price equal to


A) AFC.
B) AVC.
C) ATC.
D) MC.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements regarding economic regulation is TRUE?


A) Economic regulation has failed by insisting that firms must be allowed to earn a normal rate of return.
B) Rate-of-return regulation has been much more effective than cost-of-service regulation.
C) Economic regulation deals only with rates of return,and not with prices.
D) Economic regulation deals mainly with prices firms charge,but firms can alter their return by altering quality of service,effectively raising the price per constant-quality-unit.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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"As compared to the benefits of economic and social regulation,the costs are minimal." Do you agree or disagree? Why?

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Disagree.The total costs of regulation a...

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The reason an unregulated natural monopolist will produce at an economically inefficient quantity is


A) due to the fact that the monopolist will equate marginal cost with price to determine the output level.
B) due to the fact that the monopolist will equate average total cost with price to determine the output level.
C) that the price does not equal the true marginal cost of producing the good.
D) that the monopolist will produce a quantity greater than the minimum of the average total cost curve.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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The Federal Trade Commission Act,as amended,prohibits


A) horizontal mergers.
B) price-fixing agreements.
C) unfair competitive practices and deceptive acts.
D) price discrimination.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is exempt from antitrust laws?


A) Professional basketball
B) Suppliers of military equipment
C) Telephone companies
D) Automobile companies

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is NOT a reason for the government to regulate a nonmonopolistic industry?


A) To allow firms to achieve the profit maximizing output.
B) Asymmetric information.
C) To protect consumer interests.
D) Market failures.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Another name for the "Chain Store Act" is


A) the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.
B) the Clayton Act of 1914.
C) the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914.
D) the Robinson-Patman Act of 1936.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The potential for a decline in product quality due to asymmetric information is commonly referred to as


A) the lemons problem.
B) planned obsolescence.
C) diminishing marginal product.
D) the externality problem.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Suppose that a regulated industry experiences an increase in the price of inputs used to produce the good.According to the share-the-gains,share-the-pain theory,we would expect


A) prices to increase by a little immediately and profits to decrease by a lot.
B) there will be some increase in price but not immediately.
C) no increase in price.
D) a quick increase in price maintains profits in the industry.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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  -In the above figure,a regulation requiring average cost pricing would force the firm to produce at output level A) Q<sub>1</sub>. B) Q<sub>2</sub>. C) Q<sub>3</sub>. D) Q<sub>4</sub>. -In the above figure,a regulation requiring average cost pricing would force the firm to produce at output level


A) Q1.
B) Q2.
C) Q3.
D) Q4.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Regarding the costs of regulation,which is a FALSE statement?


A) Airline safety standards have increased the price of air travel.
B) Automobile safety standards raise the price of cars.
C) Regulatory spending by federal agencies has decreased since 1970.
D) Pharmaceutical manufacturing safety standards raise the price of drugs.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Explain the share-the-gains,share-the-pains theory.How does it differ from the capture hypothesis?

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The share-the-gains,share-the-pains theo...

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The Sherman Antitrust Act was passed to


A) protect companies from foreign competition.
B) protect the monopoly profits of firms.
C) control the growth of monopolies in the U.S.
D) prevent market price from equaling marginal cost.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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The total cost of federal regulation includes


A) the funding of government agencies overseeing compliance,the compliance cost for the regulated firms,and the opportunity cost of regulation for the firms.
B) the funding of government agencies overseeing compliance less the compliance cost for the regulated firms and the opportunity cost of regulation for the firms.
C) only the cost of compliance by the regulated firms.
D) only the funding of the regulatory agencies.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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