Question 1

When the concentration of solute in the cell is higher than the environment,

Accepted Answer

A)  water moves out of the cell by osmosis.
B)  the cell will dehydrate.
C)  water moves into the cell by facilitated diffusion.
D)  water moves into the cell by osmosis.
E)  water moves out of the cell by facilitated diffusion.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

In the section "Investigating Life: Sniffing Out the Origin of Feathers",what conclusion did the scientists deduce about the origin of feathers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endothermy arose before feathers.
B)  Ectothermy arose before feathers.
C)  Endothermy arose after feathers.
D)  Ectothermy arose after feathers.
E)  Dinosaurs had feathers.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

The structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing,thereby preventing food from entering the air passage,is the

Accepted Answer

A)  epiglottis.
B)  cecum.
C)  rumen.
D)  uvula.
E)  soft palatE.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

The disease scurvy is primarily caused by a lack of ascorbic acid in the diet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoid the immune system.
B)  Prevent the body from excreting the bacteria.
C)  Decrease removal of food from the gut.
D)  Increase respiration.
E)  Prevent other bacteria from growing in the gut.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Acid reflux would occur under which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stomach contents leak into the duodenum.
B)  Contents of the esophagus leak into the duodenum.
C)  Contents of the esophagus leak into the stomach.
D)  Stomach contents leak into the esophagus.
E)  Contents of the duodenum leak into the stomach.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

The human large intestine is about _________________ in length.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 m
B)  1.5 m
C)  10 m
D)  20 m
E)  2 cmF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 8

The enzyme that breaks down starch is

Accepted Answer

A)  lipase.
B)  lactase.
C)  pepsin.
D)  amylase.
E)  bilE.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Smelling food causes a hungry person to salivate.Which of the following begins to be digested in saliva?

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins
B)  fats
C)  carbohydrates
D)  nucleic acidsE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is an advantage of ectothermy over endothermy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ectotherms store more fat.
B)  Ectotherms require more food and energy in cold temperatures.
C)  Ectotherms require less food and energy.
D)  Ectotherms require less food but require more energy.
E)  Ectotherms can move quickly even if it is cold and use less food.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

When a mammal hibernates,its body temperature can go from 37 ∘\circ∘ C down to 4 ∘\circ∘ C.Which of the following is true of a hibernating mammal?

Accepted Answer

A)  It remains endothermic.
B)  It switches from ectothermic to endothermic.
C)  It switches from endothermic to ectothermiC.
D)  It remains ectothermic. E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Organisms must maintain homeostasis of their body temperatures,because when they become too cold

Accepted Answer

A)  cholesterol,glycolipids,glycoproteins,and other lipids of the cell membrane become stiff and prevent fluidity of membranes.
B)  proteins denature and no longer play their roles in cells.
C)  organisms shiver uncontrollably causing weaker bones to fracture.
D)  organisms sweat profusely and lose to much water to naturally regain in a short period of time.
E)  All answers are correct.F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 13

What effect would drinking salt water have in a human?

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydration as the extra salt pulls water out of the blood into the urine
B)  dehydration as the extra salt pulls water out of the urine into the blood
C)  increased hydration as the extra salt in the blood pulls water out of tissues
D)  increased hydration as the extra salt in the urine pulls water out of tissues
E)  dehydration as salt in the intestines pulls water out of the urineF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

In herbivores,cellulose is primarily broken down

Accepted Answer

A)  by powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivore's stomach glands.
B)  by powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivore's salivary glands.
C)  by helminthes living within the herbivore.
D)  by bacteria living within the herbivore's gastrointestinal tract.
E)  by powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivore's intestinal glands.F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 15

Bile acid sequestrants are drugs that bind to bile acids in the intestines and prevent their normal reabsorption in the large intestine.How would bile acid sequestrants lower a patient's blood cholesterol level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bile acids bind to cholesterol in the blood.
B)  Bile acids prevent cholesterol from being absorbed from the diet.
C)  More cholesterol would be converted into bile acids.
D)  Bile acids can be converted into cholesterol.
E)  Cholesterol requires bile acids to be soluble in the blood.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Ammonia is toxic and must be secreted as a dilute solution.Why do most freshwater fish secrete ammonia,but mammals do not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freshwater fish do not have enough energy to convert ammonia to ureA.
B)  Mammals do not break proteins down forming ammonia.
C)  Mammals do not secrete wastes in solution.
D)  Freshwater fish can release ammonia without becoming dehydrated by drinking water.
E)  Mammals can synthesize urea from ammonia without using energy.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

An endotherm lacks an internal temperature regulating mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In the section "Investigating Life: Sniffing Out the Origin of Feathers",large nasal cavities were found in therapsids,extinct reptiles thought to be ancestors of mammals.What did the scientists conclude from this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endothermy arose after fur.
B)  Ectothermy arose before fur.
C)  Endothermy arose before fur.
D)  Ectothermy arose after fur.
E)  Birds did not descend from reptiles.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 19

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.Which of the following would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood circulation
B)  lymphatic circulation
C)  absorption of food
D)  peristalsis
E)  absorption of waterF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth
B)  esophagus
C)  small intestine
D)  stomach
E)  large intestineF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Exam 28: Regulating Temperature, nutrients, and Body Fluids

When the concentration of solute in the cell is higher than the environment,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In herbivores,cellulose is primarily broken down

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organisms must maintain homeostasis of their body temperatures,because when they become too cold

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the section "Investigating Life: Sniffing Out the Origin of Feathers",large nasal cavities were found in therapsids,extinct reptiles thought to be ancestors of mammals.What did the scientists conclude from this observation?

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What effect would drinking salt water have in a human?

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In the section "Investigating Life: Sniffing Out the Origin of Feathers",what conclusion did the scientists deduce about the origin of feathers?

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An endotherm lacks an internal temperature regulating mechanism.

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The enzyme that breaks down starch is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The disease scurvy is primarily caused by a lack of ascorbic acid in the diet.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acid reflux would occur under which of the following conditions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bile acid sequestrants are drugs that bind to bile acids in the intestines and prevent their normal reabsorption in the large intestine.How would bile acid sequestrants lower a patient's blood cholesterol level?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Smelling food causes a hungry person to salivate.Which of the following begins to be digested in saliva?

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The structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing,thereby preventing food from entering the air passage,is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a mammal hibernates,its body temperature can go from 37 ∘\circ∘ C down to 4 ∘\circ∘ C.Which of the following is true of a hibernating mammal?

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Which of the following is an advantage of ectothermy over endothermy?

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Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?

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The human large intestine is about _________________ in length.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ammonia is toxic and must be secreted as a dilute solution.Why do most freshwater fish secrete ammonia,but mammals do not?

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Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.Which of the following would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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When a mammal hibernates,its body temperature can go from 37^$\circ$C down to 4^$\circ$C.Which of the following is true of a hibernating mammal?

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