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A desirable level of total cholesterol for adults is less than ______ mg/dl.


A) 300
B) 250
C) 200
D) 100

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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The most common type of stroke is an ischemic stroke.

A) True
B) False

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At Betty's most recent medical checkup,her doctor found that she had high blood pressure,excessive abdominal fat,and a low HDL count.What condition might Betty be suffering from? What specific lifestyle strategies might be recommended to help her lower her risk of cardiovascular disease?

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Betty may be suffering from metabolic sy...

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When a coronary artery becomes blocked,the result is


A) a heart attack.
B) angina.
C) arrhythmia.
D) an obstructive embolism.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements about homocysteine is true?


A) It is another type of cholesterol,similar to triglycerides.
B) Levels are higher in women than in men.
C) It helps repair the linings of arteries.
D) High homocysteine levels are associated with memory loss.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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D

Which of the following statements about gender and cardiovascular disease is true?


A) In the United States,cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of men but not of women.
B) Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection against cardiovascular disease.
C) The incidence of hypertension is higher in women than in men before age 55.
D) Women are more likely than men to have classic heart attack symptoms like chest pain.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Describe how blood is pumped and circulated through the body.Include the roles of the various chambers of the heart,the major blood vessels leading in and out of the heart and lungs,and the arteries,capillaries,and veins.

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Diabetes is characterized by low blood levels of glucose.

A) True
B) False

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Atherosclerosis is


A) sustained,abnormally high blood pressure.
B) the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force.
C) the thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances.
D) severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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C

Damage to the heart muscle because of lack of blood supply is called


A) myocardial infarction.
B) angina pectoris.
C) ischemia.
D) cardiac arrest.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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How many chambers does the heart contain?


A) two
B) three
C) four
D) six

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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List the major controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease.For each,list one lifestyle strategy for reducing the associated risk.

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The major controllable risk factors for ...

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Symptoms of a heart attack include


A) headache.
B) low back pain.
C) sore throat.
D) difficulty breathing.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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The left side of the heart pumps blood in ______ circulation.


A) pulmonary
B) systemic
C) cerebral
D) coronary

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The most common symptom associated with angina is


A) tightness or pressure in the chest.
B) nausea.
C) pain or numbness in the legs.
D) shortness of breath.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Atherosclerosis probably contributes to hypertension by


A) dilating arteries.
B) influencing cholesterol levels.
C) causing arteries to become narrower.
D) affecting sodium balance in the body.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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C

Choose one of the possible cardiovascular disease risk factors currently being studied and briefly explain the mechanism by which it is believed to increase cardiovascular disease risk.

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One possible cardiovascular disease risk...

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Recent research concluded that which of the following is true about taking vitamin E supplements?


A) All adults should take them on a daily basis.
B) They prevent heart disease.
C) They provide no protection against heart disease in men.
D) They can reduce blood cholesterol levels.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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All of the following may result from a stroke EXCEPT


A) memory loss.
B) hormonal imbalances.
C) language deficits.
D) paralysis.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The most common type of heart valve disorder


A) is very likely to cause symptoms.
B) involves the mitral valve.
C) is treated with surgery in most cases.
D) usually reduces exercise ability.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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