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Exam 3: Bacteria and Archaea

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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The term that refers to flagella at both poles is

A) amphitrichous.
B) atrichous.
C) lophotrichous.
D) monotrichous.
E) peritrichous.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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Question 2

True/False

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Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane.

A) True
B) False

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria?

The enzyme _____,found in tears and saliva,can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has

The function of bacterial endospores is

Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. A 3-year-old patient is admitted to the ER after a sudden onset of high fever and chills, a productive cough, and shortness of breath. The parents indicate that the child had been healthy up until a few hours ago. An initial workup of the child shows an elevated temperature (103oF) , a rapid pulse rate (140 bpm) , and a low oxygen saturation level (82%) . Supplemental oxygen and acetaminophen are administered immediately, and specimens are obtained from the patient for microbial analysis. -The specimens are Gram-stained and analyzed microscopically.The laboratory technician observes spherical purple-colored cells arranged in short chains.Based upon this evidence,which of the following microbes is most likely the pathogen affecting the patient?

Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed

Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. As a triage nurse in the ER, you begin the assessment of an elderly patient complaining of bloody diarrhea and severe stomach cramps. You find the patient has a fever of 104oF as well, and is showing signs of dehydration. IV fluids are administered while further analysis of the patient continues. -Gram staining reveals the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient's stool.Thinking about the patient's spike in temperature,you understand now how this bacterium could cause a fever.Which of the following is the correct explanation?

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.

Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. As a triage nurse in the ER, you begin the assessment of an elderly patient complaining of bloody diarrhea and severe stomach cramps. You find the patient has a fever of 104oF as well, and is showing signs of dehydration. IV fluids are administered while further analysis of the patient continues. -Specimen collection from the patient is ordered for microbial analysis in the hospital laboratory.Based upon the patient's symptoms,which of the following is most correct regarding this process?

Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ___ and ___.

The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

During the Gram stain,_____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is

Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. As an RN in a primary care office, you recently took care of a 15-year-old patient with severe gastrointestinal distress. Since the patient had experienced diarrhea, vomiting, and a fever for 4 days, a stool culture was ordered in an attempt to identify a disease-causing pathogen. The laboratory results have just been faxed over to your office and you begin to read the data. -The report shows that a motility test was also performed on the sample,and the microbe produced positive results.Thinking about bacterial movement,you realize that this bacterium could possess which structure(s) for motility?

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. A 3-year-old patient is admitted to the ER after a sudden onset of high fever and chills, a productive cough, and shortness of breath. The parents indicate that the child had been healthy up until a few hours ago. An initial workup of the child shows an elevated temperature (103oF) , a rapid pulse rate (140 bpm) , and a low oxygen saturation level (82%) . Supplemental oxygen and acetaminophen are administered immediately, and specimens are obtained from the patient for microbial analysis. -You head back to the patient's room to inform the family of the child's condition.In educating the parents about the pathogen,which of the following statements would you use to correctly describe the medical importance of a bacterial capsule?

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.