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Exam 6: Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

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Question 41

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Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n)________ that is sensitive to a particular stimulus (variable)and a(n)________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.

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Question 42

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________ are molecules that bind to the receptor in such a way that they block the normal ligand from binding and turning the receptor on.As a result,the signal pathway remains inactive.

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Antagonist...

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Question 43

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The binding of lipophilic messengers,such as steroid hormones,to their receptors triggers

Define tonic control and give a physiological example.

An intracellular signal molecule that translates a signal from a neurotransmitter or hormone into an intracellular response is called a ________.

Design a flow chart or concept map to summarize the information in the text under the heading "Cell-to-Cell Communication." This chart should make clear the four basic methods of cell-to-cell communication,and the relevance of and distinction between paracrine,autocrine,neurocrine,and cytokine chemicals.

Explain the two forms of down-regulation.

When epinephrine combines with alpha adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle in intestinal blood vessels,the blood vessels ________; however,when epinephrine binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors on certain skeletal muscle blood vessels,the vessels ________.

________ is a process by which an extracellular signal molecule,called the ________,activates a membrane receptor that in turn alters intracellular molecules,called the ________,to create a response.

Match the term with its description: -continuously monitors its environment for a specific variable

The most significant difference between a paracrine and an autocrine is

Before nitric oxide was identified,its action was observed in ________ and it was given the name ________.

You are part of a research team designing a robot for competition.Your robot needs to be able to respond to painful stimuli like stepping on broken glass.What type of human control system will you model your robot's after and explain your reasons for choosing it.

Match the term with its description: -the organ or gland that performs the change

Lipid signal molecules that act in a paracrine fashion and combine with G-protein coupled receptors include ________ and ________.

Which is NOT a basic method of cell-to-cell communication?

To maintain ________,the body uses a combination of simple diffusion across small distances; wide spread distribution of molecules through the circulatory system and rapid,specific delivery of messages by the nervous system.

Receptor molecules on the surface of a cell

Signal molecule receptors exhibit