Question 1

Unlike retinal ganglion cells, lateral geniculate cells, and simple cortical cells, over half of the complex cortical cells of monkeys

Accepted Answer

A)   are retinotopic.
B)   have receptive fields.
C)   are binocular.
D)   are monocular.
E)   have photopigments.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

According to the retinex theory, the color of an object depends on

Accepted Answer

A)   its reflectance.
B)   the proportion of light of different wavelengths that it reflects.
C)   the dominant wavelength that it reflects.
D)   all of the above
E)   both A and BF) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

Some evidence suggests that prosopagnosia may not be specific to faces, that it may be attributable to a general inability to

Accepted Answer

A)   distinguish among similar members of complex classes of visual stimuli.
B)   recognize parts of faces.
C)   recognize specific names of faces.
D)   recognize cows and birds.
E)   distinguish among similar individuals.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Dual-opponent color cells

Accepted Answer

A)   are found in blobs.
B)   respond best when the center of their receptive field is fully illuminated with one wavelength while the periphery is fully illuminated with another.
C)   have particularly high concentrations of cytochrome oxidase.
D)   all of the above
E)   both A and bF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

High-acuity, color vision is mediated by the small foveal area of the retina.Nevertheless, we have perceptions of the world that are expansive in both their color and their detail.This is possible because

Accepted Answer

A)   our visual systems integrate the foveal images from recent visual fixations to produce the subjective visual perception that we are experiencing at any instant.
B)   of the optic disks.
C)   of retinal disparity.
D)   of the difference between the photopic and scotopic spectral sensitivity curves.
E)   we have depth perception.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

In essence, on-center and off-center cells of the retina-geniculate-striate system respond best to

Accepted Answer

A)   straight lines.
B)   movement.
C)   contrast.
D)   circles.
E)   dots of light.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

Most of the cones are concentrated in the

Accepted Answer

A)   nasal hemiretinas.
B)   temporal hemiretinas.
C)   foveas.
D)   periphery of the retinas.
E)   blind spot.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

There are more rods

Accepted Answer

A)   at the center of the fovea than there are 20° from the center.
B)   in the nasal hemiretina than in the temporal hemiretina.
C)   in the temporal hemiretina than in the nasal hemiretina.
D)   both A and B
E)   both A and CF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Posterior parietal cortex is considered to be association cortex because it receives sensory input from the

Accepted Answer

A)   primary visual cortex.
B)   thalamus.
C)   secondary areas of more than one sensory system.
D)   primary motor cortex.
E)   hypothalamus.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 10

With respect to vision, wavelength is to intensity as

Accepted Answer

A)   vision is to audition.
B)   wavelength is to color.
C)   color is to brightness.
D)   color is to loudness.
E)   color is to pattern.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

Explain color constancy.What important points does it make about the mechanisms of color vision? Describe a theory of color vision that can explain color constancy, focusing on the evidence that led to the theory.

Accepted Answer

20% for defining color constan...

Question 12

-Which of the following can be found at the blind spot?

Accepted Answer

A)   fovea
B)   cones
C)   the axons of retinal ganglion cells
D)   the cell bodies of retinal ganglion cells
E)   amacrine cellsF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

In his compelling demonstrations of color constancy, Land showed that a particular area of a Mondrian stayed the same color even though there were major changes in the wavelengths that it was reflecting, provided that the Mondrian was

Accepted Answer

A)   illuminated.
B)   illuminated by at least one wavelength.
C)   illuminated by at least a low and a high wavelength.
D)   illuminated by at least a low, a medium, and a high wavelength.
E)   monochromatic.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

In contrast to the "where" vs."what" theory, Goodale and Milner have argued that the respective functions of the dorsal and ventral streams are

Accepted Answer

A)   "what" vs. "where."
B)   "conscious perception" vs. "control of behavior."
C)   "control of behavior" vs. "conscious perception."
D)   both A and B
E)   both A and CF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following colors does not exist?

Accepted Answer

A)   greenish red
B)   greenish blue
C)   greenish yellow
D)   greenish purple
E)   greenish tanF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 16

The major distortion in the retinotopic layout of the primary visual cortex is the disproportionately

Accepted Answer

A)   high cortical representation of the fovea.
B)   low cortical representation of the fovea.
C)   low cortical representation of color.
D)   high cortical representation of movement.
E)   low cortical representation of movement.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

The parvocellular component of the retina-geniculate-striate system runs through the __________ layers of the lateral geniculate nuclei.

Accepted Answer

A)   top 4
B)   top 2
C)   bottom 4
D)   bottom 2
E)   middle 2F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

The absorption spectrum of rhodopsin closely corresponds to the

Accepted Answer

A)   scotopic spectral sensitivity curve.
B)   colors of the rainbow.
C)   absorption spectrum of cones.
D)   photopic vision of humans.
E)   photopic vision of fish.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

The parvocellular neurons are particularly responsive to

Accepted Answer

A)   color, fine detail, and stationary objects.
B)   moving objects, large patterns, and color.
C)   black and white, stripes, and moving objects.
D)   color, fast moving objects, and faces.
E)   large, moving objects.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 20

Mach bands occur because

Accepted Answer

A)   if A fires less than B, B must fire more than C.
B)   the visual receptors near an edge become hyperpolarized.
C)   visual receptors on the more intense side of an edge receive more lateral inhibition than receptors on the less intense side.
D)   visual receptors on the more intense side of an edge receive less lateral inhibition than receptors on the less intense side.
E)   visual receptors adjacent to an edge on the more intense side receive less lateral inhibition than do receptors farther from that edge, and because visual receptors adjacent to the edge on the less intense side receive more lateral inhibition than do receptors farther from that edge.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Exam 6: The Visual System

The absorption spectrum of rhodopsin closely corresponds to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike retinal ganglion cells, lateral geniculate cells, and simple cortical cells, over half of the complex cortical cells of monkeys

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In contrast to the "where" vs."what" theory, Goodale and Milner have argued that the respective functions of the dorsal and ventral streams are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

High-acuity, color vision is mediated by the small foveal area of the retina.Nevertheless, we have perceptions of the world that are expansive in both their color and their detail.This is possible because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major distortion in the retinotopic layout of the primary visual cortex is the disproportionately

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There are more rods

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The parvocellular neurons are particularly responsive to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Posterior parietal cortex is considered to be association cortex because it receives sensory input from the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The parvocellular component of the retina-geniculate-striate system runs through the __________ layers of the lateral geniculate nuclei.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following colors does not exist?

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Most of the cones are concentrated in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Which of the following can be found at the blind spot?

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In his compelling demonstrations of color constancy, Land showed that a particular area of a Mondrian stayed the same color even though there were major changes in the wavelengths that it was reflecting, provided that the Mondrian was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some evidence suggests that prosopagnosia may not be specific to faces, that it may be attributable to a general inability to

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Mach bands occur because

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With respect to vision, wavelength is to intensity as

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Dual-opponent color cells

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In essence, on-center and off-center cells of the retina-geniculate-striate system respond best to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain color constancy.What important points does it make about the mechanisms of color vision? Describe a theory of color vision that can explain color constancy, focusing on the evidence that led to the theory.

Correct Answerverified20% for defining color constan...View AnswerShow Answer

According to the retinex theory, the color of an object depends on

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