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Question 31

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Fossil fungi date back to the origin and early evolution of plants. What combination of environmental and morphological change is similar in the evolution of both fungi and plants?

A) presence of "coal forests" and change in mode of nutrition
B) periods of drought and presence of filamentous body shape
C) predominance in swamps and presence of cellulose in cell walls
D) colonization of land and loss of flagellated cells
E) continental drift and mode of spore dispersal

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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Question 32

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Figure 31.1 below depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -Which term below refers to symbiotic relationships that involve fungi living between the cells in plant leaves?

A) pathogens
B) endosymbioses
C) endophytes
D) lichens
E) mycorrhizae

F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Question 33

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What do fungi and arthropods have in common?

Fungal cells can reproduce asexually by undergoing mitosis followed by cytokinesis. Many fungi can also prepare to reproduce sexually by undergoing

Which of the following is characterized by the lack of an observed sexual phase in its members' life cycle?

Among sac fungi, which of these correctly distinguishes ascospores from conidia?

You are given an organism to identify. It has a fruiting body that contains many structures with eight haploid spores lined up in a row. What kind of a fungus is this?

Which of the following vary tremendously from each other in morphology and belong to several fungal phyla?

Which process occurs in fungi and has the opposite effect on a cell's chromosome number than does meiosis I?

The following questions are based on the description below. Rose-picker's disease is caused by the yeast, Sporothrix schenkii. The yeast grows on the exteriors of rose-bush thorns. If a human gets pricked by such a thorn, the yeasts can be introduced under the skin. The yeasts then assume a hyphal morphology and grow along the interiors of lymphatic vessels until they reach a lymph node. This often results in the accumulation of pus in the lymph node, which subsequently ulcerates through the skin surface, and drains. -The photosynthetic symbiont of a lichen is often a(n)

The following questions are based on the description below. Rose-picker's disease is caused by the yeast, Sporothrix schenkii. The yeast grows on the exteriors of rose-bush thorns. If a human gets pricked by such a thorn, the yeasts can be introduced under the skin. The yeasts then assume a hyphal morphology and grow along the interiors of lymphatic vessels until they reach a lymph node. This often results in the accumulation of pus in the lymph node, which subsequently ulcerates through the skin surface, and drains. -Humans have immune systems in which lymph nodes are important, because many phagocytes and lymphocytes reside therein. Given that a successful infection by S. schenkii damages lymph nodes themselves, which of these is most probable?

Figure 31.1 below depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -At which location should one find the lowest concentration of fungal enzymes, assuming that the enzymes do not diffuse far from their source, and that no other fungi are present in this habitat?

The following questions are based on the description below. Rose-picker's disease is caused by the yeast, Sporothrix schenkii. The yeast grows on the exteriors of rose-bush thorns. If a human gets pricked by such a thorn, the yeasts can be introduced under the skin. The yeasts then assume a hyphal morphology and grow along the interiors of lymphatic vessels until they reach a lymph node. This often results in the accumulation of pus in the lymph node, which subsequently ulcerates through the skin surface, and drains. -The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to

Please refer to the following information to answer the following questions. Diploid nuclei of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa contain 14 chromosomes. A single diploid cell in an ascus will undergo one round of meiosis, followed in each of the daughter cells by one round of mitosis, producing a total of eight ascospores. -If a single, diploid G₂ nucleus in an ascus contains 400 nanograms (ng) of DNA, then a single ascospore nucleus of this species should contain how much DNA (ng) , carried on how many chromosomes?

What accounts most directly for the extremely fast growth of a fungal mycelium?

Which has the least affiliation with all of the others?

You have been given the assignment of locating living members of the phylum Glomeromycota. Where is the best place to look for these fungi?

The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen

In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently

Figure 31.1 below depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -Chemicals, secreted by soil fungi, that inhibit the growth of bacteria, are known as