Question 1

The most biochemically complex organisms are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemoheterotrophs
B)  photoheterotrophs
C)  heterotrophs
D)  autotrophsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

The standard potential for electron transfer can be related to the standard free-energy change for redox reactions by using

Accepted Answer

A)  a calorimeter.
B)  an electrochemical cell.
C)  two solutions separated by a salt bridge.
D)  the Nernst equation.
E)  the Faraday equation.F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

Which statement is false about most metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most pathways are reversible under physiological conditions.
B)  Pathways serve to increase the efficiency of energy transfers.
C)  The rates of pathway reactions vary to respond to changing conditions.
D)  The enzymes that catalyze reactions in metabolic pathways generally catalyze only a single step.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 4

The ability and capacity of coenzymes to become oxidized or reduced (reduction potential) may be found by

Accepted Answer

A)  measuring the flow of zinc and copper electrons.
B)  measuring the flow of electrons when compared to hydrogen gas at standard conditions.
C)  measuring the number of H atoms present.
D)  All of the above.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Which is not generally a molecule used to conserve energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP
B)  NADH
C)  FAD
D)  QH²E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

In theory at least,the energy released by the oxidation of one molecule of NADH is sufficient to form ________ ATP molecule(s) .

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 (meaning it takes about 2 NADH to form 1 ATP) 
B)  1
C)  several
D)  about 20
E)  about 50F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 7

The chemical energy generated by oxidation reactions cannot be captured by

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH.
B)  NADP+.
C)  FMN.
D)  FAD.
E)  Q.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

ATP has the highest possible standard free energy of hydrolysis in cells;therefore it is the most energy-rich compound in living systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the ________,while fatty acid breakdown occurs in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosol;mitochondria
B)  cytosol;nucleus
C)  mitochondria;cytosol
D)  Golgi apparatus;cytosolE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

An organism that uses organic molecules as carbon sources and obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  photoautotroph
B)  chemoautotroph
C)  photoheterotroph
D)  chemoheterotrophE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

When a reduction half-reaction is ________ (negative,positive) ,electrons flow to the more readily reduced substance which is ________ (negative,positive) in value.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative;negative
B)  negative;positive
C)  positive;positive
D)  positive;negativeE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Which compound has a greater free energy of hydrolysis than ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose 1-phosphate.
B)  Any phosphoester.
C)  Phosphoenolpyruvate.
D)  Acetyl CoA.
E)  All of the above.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolytic removal of phosphate groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Phosphocreatine and phosphoarginine are ________ that are energy rich phosphate storage molecules found in animal ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphagens;muscle
B)  phosphagens;liver
C)  plasminogens;muscle
D)  plasminogens;liverE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Intermediary metabolism is the term applied to reactions that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  degrade molecules
B)  synthesize large molecules such as proteins
C)  convert glucose to pyruvate
D)  involve low molecular weight metabolitesE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which are membrane-associated pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electron transport chain in eukaryotes.
B)  Citric acid cycle in bacteria.
C)  Photosynthesis.
D)  Glycolysis.
E)  Both A and C above.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

Most of the fundamental metabolic pathways are present in all species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Bacteria that degrade oil at great depths in offshore waters have most likely evolved new pathways and ________ by modifying existing ones.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA
B)  duplicate factors
C)  cofactors
D)  enzymesE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

The glycolytic pathway oxidizes glucose to two molecules of pyruvate and also produces a net of two molecules of ATP.ATP allosterically inhibits the enzyme,PFK-1,that catalyzes the third step of glycolysis.This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  feed-forward activation
B)  feedback inhibition
C)  negative cooperativity
D)  competitive inhibitionE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Thioesters are similar to oxygen esters of carboxylic acids except that

Accepted Answer

A)  the energy associated with their hydrolysis is much less than that of the phosphoanhydride in ATP.
B)  they are more stable at neutral pH values in cells.
C)  they are less stable because S is present instead of O in the linkage.
D)  they are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
E)  they are not hydrolyzed enzymatically.F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Exam 10: Introduction to Metabolism

Thioesters are similar to oxygen esters of carboxylic acids except that

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When a reduction half-reaction is ________ (negative,positive) ,electrons flow to the more readily reduced substance which is ________ (negative,positive) in value.

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Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolytic removal of phosphate groups.

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Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the ________,while fatty acid breakdown occurs in the ________.

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The ability and capacity of coenzymes to become oxidized or reduced (reduction potential) may be found by

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Phosphocreatine and phosphoarginine are ________ that are energy rich phosphate storage molecules found in animal ________ cells.

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ATP has the highest possible standard free energy of hydrolysis in cells;therefore it is the most energy-rich compound in living systems.

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Bacteria that degrade oil at great depths in offshore waters have most likely evolved new pathways and ________ by modifying existing ones.

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The most biochemically complex organisms are ________.

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The glycolytic pathway oxidizes glucose to two molecules of pyruvate and also produces a net of two molecules of ATP.ATP allosterically inhibits the enzyme,PFK-1,that catalyzes the third step of glycolysis.This is an example of ________.

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Which are membrane-associated pathways?

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An organism that uses organic molecules as carbon sources and obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules is a(n) ________.

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Which compound has a greater free energy of hydrolysis than ATP?

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The chemical energy generated by oxidation reactions cannot be captured by

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The standard potential for electron transfer can be related to the standard free-energy change for redox reactions by using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the fundamental metabolic pathways are present in all species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Intermediary metabolism is the term applied to reactions that ________.

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Which is not generally a molecule used to conserve energy?

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In theory at least,the energy released by the oxidation of one molecule of NADH is sufficient to form ________ ATP molecule(s) .

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Which statement is false about most metabolic pathways?

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When a reduction half-reaction is (negative,positive) ,electrons flow to the more readily reduced substance which is (negative,positive) in value.

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Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the ,while fatty acid breakdown occurs in the .

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Phosphocreatine and phosphoarginine are that are energy rich phosphate storage molecules found in animal cells.

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