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When the manufacturer of Trident sugar-free chewing gum introduced Trident for Kids, a chewing gum that "strengthens kids' teeth," it was an example of the implementation of a _____ _____ strategy.

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The distribution strategy used for a product in the decline stage of its product life cycle is typically very intensive, which means that many outlets are used.

A) True
B) False

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AgfaPhoto, the struggling consumer imaging company, recently filed for bankruptcy. It is one of many companies that have fallen victim to the shift from traditional film to digital photography. The cause of the bankruptcy was the fact:


A) digital photography is in the acceptance stage of its product life cycle.
B) both traditional film and digital photography are competing for the same product life cycle stage.
C) traditional film photography is in the decline stage of its product life cycle.
D) digital photography is still in the introductory stage of its product life cycle.
E) traditional film photography is in the maturity stage of its product life cycle.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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C

Lower socioeconomic groups were the first to favor pickup trucks as their primary vehicle. Pickup trucks have become increasingly popular with higher-income groups even when they have no real need for a truck. Which fashion-adoption process does this example illustrate?


A) trickle-up
B) trickle-down
C) trading-up
D) trickle-across
E) trading-down

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Thermotic Developments, Ltd. of Britain has developed a safe and reliable self-heating can for consumers who want hot coffee but are too busy to stop for a cup. Since the product is in the introductory stage of its product life cycle, Thermotic Developments can expect to:


A) have brand-loyal customers.
B) use a defensive positioning strategy.
C) have low levels of sales at first.
D) use intensive distribution.
E) have annually declining profits.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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The company that is the first to introduce a new type of product to market achieves a:


A) market penetration advantage.
B) product development feature.
C) diversification advantage.
D) pioneer advantage.
E) market development benefit.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Fast-food restaurants, like McDonald's, are in the _____ stage of their product life cycle. Further evidence of this is McDonald's decision to open restaurants inside Wal-Mart stores.


A) introduction
B) abandonment
C) market development
D) maturity
E) growth

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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When video games were first introduced, they were played on 16-bit game computers. As soon as 32-bit machines were introduced, sales for the 16-bit quickly fell, and the 16-bit product category entered the _____ stage of its product life cycle.


A) pioneering
B) adoption
C) decline
D) diffusion
E) trickle-down

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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A product's _____ is the image it projects in relation to competitive products as well as to other products marketed by the same company.


A) positioning
B) status
C) perception
D) marketing mix
E) attitude

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements about the product life cycle is True?


A) The duration of the product life cycle is the same for all products within specific product mixes.
B) The product life cycle is an irrelevant concept in international marketing.
C) All products must go through all stages of the product life cycle.
D) A product may be in the growth or maturity stage in one market but in the introductory stage in other markets.
E) None of the above statements about the product life cycle is True.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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AgfaPhoto, a company in the traditional film photography business, recently filed for bankruptcy. AgfaPhoto is a division of Agfa-Gevaert Company. What should Agfa-Gavaert do with this division?


A) Expand the distribution of Agfa-Photo's products.
B) Increase the prices of Agfa-Photo's products.
C) Increase the amount of promotion conducted for Agfa-Photo's products.
D) Consider product abandonment.
E) Create more technological obsolescence.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Cappio was the first canned ready-to-drink coffee on the market. It had to create demand for the product category. As soon as demand for the product was shown to exist, Coke and Pepsi began promoting their own brands of canned, ready-to-drink coffee. During which stage of the product life cycle would you expect to see such activity occurring?


A) diffusion
B) stability
C) adoption
D) pioneering
E) growth

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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E

The main reason for using a line-extension strategy is to:


A) reflect changes in organizational goals.
B) increase a product's breadth.
C) modify a product line's life cycle.
D) appeal to more market segments.
E) bring the company's activities more in line with the marketing concept.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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In 1990s, Gekkeikan introduced sake in self-heating cans to the Japanese market. By 2002, it was obvious that design flaws in the can had led to low sales and high production costs. Gekkeikan then used a _____ strategy and stopped manufacturing the product.


A) trading down
B) produce alteration
C) diversification
D) repositioning
E) product-mix contraction

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Few people today iron and starch their own shirts. Even fewer want to use a product like boxed Argo dry starch, which allows the user to mix the starch so that shirts can be stiff enough to stand alone. But Argo still has a loyal band of users, so the manufacturer still produces the product but with little promotion and expectation of making a profit. From this description, you should know that this type of starch is in the _____ stage of its product life cycle.


A) pioneering
B) adoption
C) decline
D) diffusion
E) trickle-down

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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The fashion-adoption process:


A) refers to how and when an innovation is adopted by the majority of the public.
B) extends a product mix's breadth.
C) is best explained today by the trickle-across theory.
D) extends a product mix's depth.
E) requires accurate forecasting.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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C

In the 1970s, Gillette introduced The Hot One, a self-heating can of shaving cream, but stopped making it when it found little demand for the product beyond well-groomed campers. Gillette used a _____ strategy with The Hot One.


A) trading down
B) produce alteration
C) diversification
D) repositioning
E) product-mix contraction

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The addition of lotion to Kleenex tissues to make them more soothing is an example of:


A) trading down.
B) product alteration.
C) product augmenting.
D) repositioning.
E) trading down

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following is an unlikely management strategy to use for a product in the decline stage of its product life cycle?


A) revitalize the product in some way in order to attract new users
B) prune out unprofitable models and sizes
C) abandon the product
D) increase the depth of the product line
E) cut all costs to the bare minimum

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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When Giorgio Armani, the Italian designer, added a home décor division under the Armani brand, it was an example of:


A) change in strategic marketing strategy.
B) mix extension.
C) change in organizational goals.
D) line extension.
E) strategy of managing on the rise.

F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

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