Question 1

According to Erik Erikson, the strength that emerges because of the favorable resolution of autonomy versus shame and doubt is

Accepted Answer

A)   fidelity.
B)   hope.
C)   will.
D)   love.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Which of the following is true of sibling relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)   Siblings who engage in dramatic play develop a history of shared understandings that enable them to more easily resolve issues than those who do not.
B)   Rivalry, hostility, and competition are more common than prosocial and play-oriented behaviors among siblings.
C)   The quality of sibling relationships is more affected by the emotional and social adjustment of the younger child than the older one.
D)   Generally, opposite-sex siblings are closer and play together more peaceably than same-sex pairs.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

According to researchers, behavioral inhibition

Accepted Answer

A)   primarily relates to infants' responses to familiar events.
B)   essentially explains inhibition in terms of its ecological causes rather than in terms of its biological correlates.
C)   grows or weakens depending on how a caregiver handles the inhibitory temperament of a child.
D)   remains unaffected by culture, gender, race, and other environmental factors.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Goodness of fit is a descriptor of the child-caregiver relationship, but it can also be used to describe the fit between the child and the wider social context.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is a possible outcome of an inadequate resolution of the conflict between basic trust and basic mistrust?

Accepted Answer

A)   a close attachment with the mother
B)   difficulties in forming quality relationships
C)   deficits in cognitive abilities
D)   a strong sense of predictability and stabilityE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Upon the caregiver's return, resistant babies demonstrate their distress and anger by seeking contact while at the same time resisting it by kicking or squirming.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Slow-to-warm-up children are generally happy, rhythmic in biological functioning, and accepting of new experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Situational compliance is related to the internalization of parental values and rules and tends to increase with age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In the context of early emotional responses of children, which of the following is true of crying?

Accepted Answer

A)   The basic hunger cry often involves the infant holding its breath for a prolonged period.
B)   A higher pitch and a more monotonic vocalization is more characteristic of the cries of a full-term infant than a preterm infant of the same age.
C)   The frustration cry is characterized by a sudden onset of loud crying without preliminary moaning.
D)   Crying is the earliest and most powerful way infants can communicate their needs.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 10

According to Kochanska et al. (2010), mothers of committed compliers, as contrasted with mothers of situational compliers, are more sensitive and responsive with their children as infants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Three key areas of psychosocial development for toddlers are the emerging sense of self, the growth of autonomy, and socialization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of relationships with siblings in infancy and toddlerhood?

Accepted Answer

A)   Constructive conflict is rarely seen between siblings till they are teenagers.
B)   Sibling rivalry is the main pattern between brothers and sisters early in life.
C)   Sibling conflict increases dramatically after the younger child reaches about 18 months of age.
D)   Sibling conflict often inhibits children's ability to learn how to fight, disagree, and compromise.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Self-awareness usually emerges by about ________ of age.

Accepted Answer

A)   6 months
B)   9 months
C)   2 years
D)   3 yearsE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Margo and her husband Frank have a 3-month-old daughter, Tina. They love watching Tina smile when they enter the nursery. In this scenario, Tina's parents entering the nursery elicits a(n)  ________ on her part.

Accepted Answer

A)   windy grin
B)   laugh
C)   social smile
D)   involuntary smileE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The more secure a child's attachment to a nurturing adult, the more likely that the child will develop good relationships with others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Each baby has its own unique temperament.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A typical 2-year-old boy is unable to

Accepted Answer

A)   smile to express joy when his father picks him up.
B)   experience shame when he wets the bed.
C)   cry when he wants to communicate that he is hungry.
D)   laugh when his mother plays peekaboo with him.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Arya is a 2-year-old girl. She plays with her toys, and after some time, she keeps them back in their boxes as she is aware that her mother expects her to do so. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)   situational compliance
B)   receptive cooperation
C)   social referencing
D)   committed complianceE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

In the context of the four patterns of crying identified by Wolff, the frustration cry is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)   two or three drawn-out cries with no prolonged breath-holding.
B)   a sudden onset of loud crying without preliminary moaning.
C)   a rhythmic cry in which excess air is forced through the vocal cords.
D)   a high pitch and a monotonic vocalization accompanied by prolonged breath-holding.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the studies of mutual regulation and emotional communication is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infants take an active part in regulating their emotional states only after the age of 1.
B)   Mutual regulation in 2- to 9-month-old infants is measured using the still-face paradigm.
C)   During the still-face episode, children tend to smile more and express less negative affect.
D)   Infants do not take any steps to calm the dysregulation caused when their mothers do not use facial expressions to respond to them.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 7: Psychosocial Development: 0 to 3

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is a possible outcome of an inadequate resolution of the conflict between basic trust and basic mistrust?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erik Erikson, the strength that emerges because of the favorable resolution of autonomy versus shame and doubt is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three key areas of psychosocial development for toddlers are the emerging sense of self, the growth of autonomy, and socialization.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of early emotional responses of children, which of the following is true of crying?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Kochanska et al. (2010), mothers of committed compliers, as contrasted with mothers of situational compliers, are more sensitive and responsive with their children as infants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of relationships with siblings in infancy and toddlerhood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the studies of mutual regulation and emotional communication is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arya is a 2-year-old girl. She plays with her toys, and after some time, she keeps them back in their boxes as she is aware that her mother expects her to do so. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in this scenario?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of sibling relationships?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of the four patterns of crying identified by Wolff, the frustration cry is characterized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Upon the caregiver's return, resistant babies demonstrate their distress and anger by seeking contact while at the same time resisting it by kicking or squirming.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to researchers, behavioral inhibition

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Goodness of fit is a descriptor of the child-caregiver relationship, but it can also be used to describe the fit between the child and the wider social context.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Slow-to-warm-up children are generally happy, rhythmic in biological functioning, and accepting of new experiences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Situational compliance is related to the internalization of parental values and rules and tends to increase with age.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A typical 2-year-old boy is unable to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each baby has its own unique temperament.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Margo and her husband Frank have a 3-month-old daughter, Tina. They love watching Tina smile when they enter the nursery. In this scenario, Tina's parents entering the nursery elicits a(n) ________ on her part.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Self-awareness usually emerges by about ________ of age.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The more secure a child's attachment to a nurturing adult, the more likely that the child will develop good relationships with others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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