Question 1

If someone who is heterozygous for (or a carrier of)  a recessive genetic disease has a child with a homozygous NON-carrier, what are the chances that the child will have (come down with)  the disease? (Feel free to make an inheritance diagram on scratch paper if it will help you to think this through.)

Accepted Answer

A)   none in four (0%) 
B)   one in four (25%) 
C)   two in four (50%) 
D)   three in four (75%) 
E)   four in four (100%) F) C) and D)
G) A) and B) A

Question 2

Sexual selection occurs when organisms respond directly to:

Accepted Answer

A)   environmental pressures exerted from outside of the species.
B)   the 'Red Queen Hypothesis.'
C)   the time and effort saved by cloning.
D)   the environment.
E)   index traits displayed by potential mates.F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

'Industrial melanism' is best exemplified by:

Accepted Answer

A)   A change in a species' main color paralleling the color change in their environment
B)   Industrial processes of artificial reproduction of moths
C)   The Red Queen Hypothesis
D)   Balanced polymorphism
E)   A loss of carrying capacity in an environmentF) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an 'environmental pressure'?

Accepted Answer

A)   a disease
B)   an increase in predators
C)   a mutation
D)   a famine
E)   a natural disasterF) A) and C)
G) A) and E) C

Question 5

The set of genes you carry is a:

Accepted Answer

A)   phenotype.
B)   gene pool.
C)   genotype.
D)   polygenic.
E)   monogene.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an 'environmental pressure'?

Accepted Answer

A)   a disease
B)   an increase in predators
C)   a mutation
D)   a famine
E)   a natural disasterF) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 7

In regard to natural selection, 'fitness' is best characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)   higher fertility rates.
B)   stronger individuals.
C)   lower mortality rates.
D)   the advantage provided by expressed traits given a new environmental pressure.
E)   having more babies that survive until at least after they have reproduced again.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Widescale early wheat domestication for farming could only have occurred where most humans already

Accepted Answer

A)   Had the capacity to digest gluten
B)   Had the capacity to digest lactase
C)   Knew how to bake bread
D)   Knew how to treat Celiac Disease
E)   Were anthropogenicF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

The mechanism of 'natural selection':

Accepted Answer

A)   creates new mutations within the gene pool.
B)   focuses/works on pre-existing phenotypic variation.
C)   focuses/works on traits that do not exist within the population yet but that have the potential to be advantageous.
D)   focuses/works only on genotypic variation.
E)   creates advantageous traits.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 10

Genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation are all:

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibitors of or barriers to natural selection.
B)   components of artificial selection.
C)   non-existent in human populations.
D)   evolutionary processes.
E)   classified instances of natural selection.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

An individual who is heterozygous in regard to hemoglobin type 's' (which can lead to sickle shaped blood cells)  and type 'a' (which supports a round shape)  will probably:

Accepted Answer

A)   have ancestors from Alaska or the northernmost part of the Americas.
B)   have no children.
C)   die of sickle cell anemia.
D)   die of malaria.
E)   be somewhat protected against malaria and be healthy enough to reproduce.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

The process of 'niche construction' does NOT or did NOT support:

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic adaptation via natural selection.
B)   adaptive evolution of human resistance to malaria.
C)   biological determinism.
D)   the biocultural approach.
E)   accepted understandings of the evolution of an adaptation to lactose intake.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Neighborhood children had always left their self-reproducing multicolored bean collection unprotected and scattered on the sidewalk after play. One day, bean-eating birds invaded their neighborhood looking for food. In this scenario, what is the 'selective pressure'?

Accepted Answer

A)   the children
B)   bean color
C)   the sidewalk
D)   hungry birds
E)   sexual reproductionF) B) and E)
G) None of the above D

Question 14

What does the peppered moth example NOT demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   industrial melanism
B)   natural selection
C)   macroevolution
D)   genetic adaptation
E)   evolutionF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

When humans breed plants or animals on purpose to produce particular traits, this is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   artificial selection.
B)   sexual selection.
C)   natural selection.
D)   environmental selection.
E)   ecological selection.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Genetic mutations are best described as a form of:

Accepted Answer

A)   miscopying.
B)   speciation.
C)   survival.
D)   fitness.
E)   artificial selection.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

'Sexual selection' is one way to label what happens:

Accepted Answer

A)   in the human creation of domestic animals.
B)   wherever ecological selection cannot occur.
C)   in human populations where kinship rules dictate marriage/mating rules.
D)   during artificial selection.
E)   in certain fish species where cloning is common.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

The 'Red Queen Hypothesis' can best be applied to which of the following situations:

Accepted Answer

A)   A lethal pathogen is introduced into and kills an entire population.
B)   A pathogen develops a new lethal strain, and the host population puts up no resistance.
C)   Sudden climate change kills a pathogen population.
D)   A population and its pathogen co-adapt.
E)   Sexual reproduction leads to a lack of population-wide variation.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Hemoglobin is:

Accepted Answer

A)   a type of adaptation.
B)   the part of red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body.
C)   the part of white blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body.
D)   the part of red blood cells that makes them move or that propels them through the body.
E)   an evolutionary byproduct or 'neutral adaptation.'F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

'Niche construction' describes:

Accepted Answer

A)   shelter building behavior engaged in by certain species (e.g., beavers, humans) .
B)   when organisms, through biological and behavioral processes, act upon the environmental niches that they occupy just as those niches act upon them.
C)   when individual members of a species adapt to the environment.
D)   a change in frequency of genes in a population's gene pool.
E)   when a species shifts from reliance on one food source to another.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Exam 2: Genetic Adaptation

Correct Answer
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A

Sexual selection occurs when organisms respond directly to:

Correct Answer
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'Industrial melanism' is best exemplified by:

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is NOT an 'environmental pressure'?

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C

The set of genes you carry is a:

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is NOT an 'environmental pressure'?

Correct Answer
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In regard to natural selection, 'fitness' is best characterized by:

Correct Answer
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Widescale early wheat domestication for farming could only have occurred where most humans already

Correct Answer
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The mechanism of 'natural selection':

Correct Answer
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Genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation are all:

Correct Answer
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An individual who is heterozygous in regard to hemoglobin type 's' (which can lead to sickle shaped blood cells) and type 'a' (which supports a round shape) will probably:

Correct Answer
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The process of 'niche construction' does NOT or did NOT support:

Correct Answer
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Neighborhood children had always left their self-reproducing multicolored bean collection unprotected and scattered on the sidewalk after play. One day, bean-eating birds invaded their neighborhood looking for food. In this scenario, what is the 'selective pressure'?

Correct Answer
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D

What does the peppered moth example NOT demonstrate?

Correct Answer
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When humans breed plants or animals on purpose to produce particular traits, this is called:

Correct Answer
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Genetic mutations are best described as a form of:

Correct Answer
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'Sexual selection' is one way to label what happens:

Correct Answer
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The 'Red Queen Hypothesis' can best be applied to which of the following situations:

Correct Answer
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Hemoglobin is:

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'Niche construction' describes:

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Exam 2: Genetic Adaptation

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Sexual selection occurs when organisms respond directly to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

'Industrial melanism' is best exemplified by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an 'environmental pressure'?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The set of genes you carry is a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an 'environmental pressure'?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In regard to natural selection, 'fitness' is best characterized by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Widescale early wheat domestication for farming could only have occurred where most humans already

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mechanism of 'natural selection':

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation are all:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An individual who is heterozygous in regard to hemoglobin type 's' (which can lead to sickle shaped blood cells) and type 'a' (which supports a round shape) will probably:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of 'niche construction' does NOT or did NOT support:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neighborhood children had always left their self-reproducing multicolored bean collection unprotected and scattered on the sidewalk after play. One day, bean-eating birds invaded their neighborhood looking for food. In this scenario, what is the 'selective pressure'?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What does the peppered moth example NOT demonstrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When humans breed plants or animals on purpose to produce particular traits, this is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genetic mutations are best described as a form of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

'Sexual selection' is one way to label what happens:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The 'Red Queen Hypothesis' can best be applied to which of the following situations:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hemoglobin is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

'Niche construction' describes:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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C

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D

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