Question 1

In English, the learning of correct spelling typically …

Accepted Answer

A)  is the same as learning to read
B)  is acquired more readily than reading
C)  lags behind learning to read
D)  is a precursor to learning to readE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 2

In Gentry's(1982)  pre-phonetic stage, children …

Accepted Answer

A)  begin to use some letters that reflect the sounds in words they are trying to spell
B)  demonstrate no awareness between letters and sounds when spelling
C)  show a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds
D)  take account of English spelling patternsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

According to Muter et al.(2004) , reading comprehension relies on …

Accepted Answer

A)  vocabulary knowledge
B)  vocabulary knowledge and grammatical awareness
C)  grammatical awareness and phoneme manipulation
D)  letter-sound knowledge and sight word recognitionE) A) and B)
F) C) and D) B

Question 4

Which activity was NOT listed as being beneficial to help children progress in reading(Lundbert et al., 1980) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sight word memorisation
B)  Finding the initial phoneme in a word
C)  Rhyme recognition
D)  Syllable segmentationE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Because it is used in 30 to 60 per cent of school activities, ____________ has been found to be correlated with self-esteem(Rosenblum & Livneh-Zirinski, 2008)

Accepted Answer

A)  spelling
B)  reading
C)  handwriting
D)  mathematicsE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

In an intervention study conducted by Berninger et al.(2002) , children showed the most improvement in writing ability when receiving instruction in …

Accepted Answer

A)  spelling only
B)  reflective discussion only
C)  drawing
D)  both spelling and reflective discussionE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Which strategy is learning to read by building up a vocabulary of sight words?

Accepted Answer

A)  alphabetic strategy
B)  vocabulary strategy
C)  phonetic strategy
D)  logographic strategyE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which skills best predict later reading performance(Hatcher, Hulme & Snowling, 2004) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phoneme manipulation and syllable recognition
B)  Rhyme recognition and letter knowledge
C)  Rhyme recognition and phoneme manipulation
D)  Letter knowledge and phoneme manipulationE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The 'Matthew effect' describes the phenomenon In which …

Accepted Answer

A)  reading ability at 1st grade predicts reading ability at 11th grade
B)  reading a lot drives continued progress in reading ability
C)  the influence of decoding on reading comprehension decreases over time
D)  the correlation between reading comprehension and listening comprehension increases over timeE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

According to Caravolas(2005) , the link between phonemic skills and spelling is _____________ for languages with high and low orthographic transparency.

Accepted Answer

A)  stronger for languages with high orthographic tranparency
B)  stronger for languages with low orthographic transparency
C)  equally strong for languages with high and low orthographic transparency
D)  equally weak for languages with high and low orthographic transparencyE) A) and C)
F) None of the above C

Question 11

The alphabetic strategy …

Accepted Answer

A)  involves recognised strings of letters that commonly go together
B)  involves recognising sight words
C)  involves using grapheme to phoneme rules
D)  involves recitation of the letters in the correct orderE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Which language does NOT have high orthographic transparency for reading?

Accepted Answer

A)  Italian
B)  Greek
C)  English
D)  SpanishE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Muter(2004)  found that ___________ at age five were a strong predictor of reading comprehension at age six.

Accepted Answer

A)  word reading skills
B)  inference skills
C)  decoding skills
D)  syntactic awarenessE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 14

According to Grough, Hoover and Peterson(1996) , the relationship between reading comprehension and listening comprehension __________ over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases
B)  stays the same
C)  varies
D)  increasesE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 15

What two main types of reading disorders are described by Hoover and Gough(1990) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  decoding and reading comprehension
B)  decoding and reading accuracy
C)  reading accuracy and fluency
D)  fluency and reading comprehensionE) None of the above
F) A) and D) A

Question 16

According to Seymour, Aro and Erskine(2003) , Italian children learn to read faster than English children because …

Accepted Answer

A)  they have a higher innate intelligence
B)  high orthographic transparency
C)  greater societal emphases on literacy
D)  low orthographic transparencyE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Which is NOT an indicator of developmental dyslexia?

Accepted Answer

A)  difficulty understanding the meaning of text
B)  poor phonological skills
C)  difficulty with nonword repetition
D)  poor spellingE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

According to a study by Bradley and Bryant(1983) , children learned to read most successfully when they received training in …

Accepted Answer

A)  phonological analysis
B)  phonological analysis and letter-sound relations
C)  word meaning
D)  letter-sound relationsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Children start to include a vowel in every syllable in Gentry's(1982)  ____________ stage of spelling.

Accepted Answer

A)  post-transitional
B)  pre-phonetic
C)  phonetic
D)  transitionalE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Using phonological knowledge of a word such as 'light' to make a guess about the pronunciation of a word like 'sight' is an example of a/an _________________ strategy.

Accepted Answer

A)  logographic
B)  orthographic
C)  alphabetic
D)  letter-soundE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 11: Literacy

In English, the learning of correct spelling typically …

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Gentry's(1982) pre-phonetic stage, children …

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Muter et al.(2004) , reading comprehension relies on …

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which activity was NOT listed as being beneficial to help children progress in reading(Lundbert et al., 1980) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because it is used in 30 to 60 per cent of school activities, ____________ has been found to be correlated with self-esteem(Rosenblum & Livneh-Zirinski, 2008)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an intervention study conducted by Berninger et al.(2002) , children showed the most improvement in writing ability when receiving instruction in …

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which strategy is learning to read by building up a vocabulary of sight words?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which skills best predict later reading performance(Hatcher, Hulme & Snowling, 2004) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The 'Matthew effect' describes the phenomenon In which …

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Caravolas(2005) , the link between phonemic skills and spelling is _____________ for languages with high and low orthographic transparency.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The alphabetic strategy …

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which language does NOT have high orthographic transparency for reading?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Muter(2004) found that ___________ at age five were a strong predictor of reading comprehension at age six.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Grough, Hoover and Peterson(1996) , the relationship between reading comprehension and listening comprehension __________ over time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What two main types of reading disorders are described by Hoover and Gough(1990) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

According to Seymour, Aro and Erskine(2003) , Italian children learn to read faster than English children because …

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT an indicator of developmental dyslexia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to a study by Bradley and Bryant(1983) , children learned to read most successfully when they received training in …

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children start to include a vowel in every syllable in Gentry's(1982) ____________ stage of spelling.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using phonological knowledge of a word such as 'light' to make a guess about the pronunciation of a word like 'sight' is an example of a/an _________________ strategy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified