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A) the middle class of Western Europe gained political power by the early eighteenth century.
B) landed power in Western Europe was quickly displaced.
C) by the end of the nineteenth century, bourgeois politicians shared power with the aristocracy in Western Europe.
D) in Eastern Europe, the aristocracy was very quickly displaced by the emerging bourgeoisie.
E) the industrial working class became the social pacesetter by the end of the nineteenth century.
G) A) and C)
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A) the greatest urbanization occurred in the twentieth not the nineteenth century.
B) the growth of haphazard, unhealthy industrial cities was particularly serious in Britain.
C) at the time, many found the phenomenon astonishing.
D) in the first half of the nineteenth century, most workers lived in the suburbs of industrial cities, close to the factories.
E) governments in continental Europe were more willing to regulate urbanization.
G) A) and E)
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A) England was the wealthiest country in Europe.
B) England's people were more willing to change the traditional ways of agriculture and craft production.
C) England's scientific and intellectual life was considerably more advanced than that of its neighbors.
D) England's government was the most responsive in Europe to the need for transportation and communication.
E) England's population was far more industrious than that of other European states.
G) B) and C)
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A) a decline in aristocratic power and values.
B) minimal impact on the natural environment.
C) a rise in nationalism and secularism.
D) the ascent of bourgeois values and democracy.
E) the projection of Western power into the wider world.
G) B) and D)
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A) Bessemer's converter
B) the French practice of using a double compartment furnace with one compartment for the coke or coal, the other for the iron
C) the Siemens-Martin open hearth process
D) the application of steam engines to pump water from mines
E) the conversion of cast iron into wrought iron
G) B) and C)
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A) improved rapidly through a variety of technological advances.
B) were not the subject of government regulation.
C) resulted in significant health problems.
D) posed few physical dangers to workers, unlike factory conditions.
E) all of the above
G) A) and C)
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A) workers tended to remain in the city center, while the wealthy moved into the outskirts.
B) new working class neighborhoods began to ring many cities.
C) city centers became strictly business districts as residents left for the suburbs.
D) the possibilities for worker insurrection were improved.
E) the quality of urban life actually deteriorated.
G) C) and E)
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The middle class refers to a social and ...View Answer
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The agricultural revolution was a necessary precursor to industrialization for several reasons. Firstly, the agricultural revolution led to an increase in food production, which in turn led to a population increase. This population increase created a surplus of labor, which was essential for the industrialization process. Additionally, the surplus of food allowed for a larger workforce to be sustained, which was necessary for the growth of industrial cities and factories.
Furthermore, the agricultural revolution also led to advancements in technology and farming techniques, which increased productivity and allowed for more efficient use of land. This increase in productivity freed up labor from the agricultural sector, which could then be utilized in the emerging industrial sector. The surplus of labor from the agricultural revolution provided the workforce needed for the factories and industries that were essential for industrialization.
The agricultural revolution also changed traditional social structures and labor patterns in several ways. Firstly, the shift from small-scale, subsistence farming to larger, more commercialized farming operations led to the consolidation of land and the displacement of small farmers. This led to a concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few landowners, which in turn led to the creation of a working class of laborers who were dependent on these landowners for employment.
Additionally, the agricultural revolution led to the enclosure movement, where common lands were enclosed and privatized, leading to the displacement of rural communities and the loss of traditional ways of life. This forced many people to move to urban areas in search of work, which contributed to the growth of industrial cities and the formation of a new urban working class.
In conclusion, the agricultural revolution was a necessary precursor to industrialization because it provided the surplus of labor and food needed for the growth of the industrial sector. It also changed traditional social structures and labor patterns by concentrating wealth and power in the hands of a few landowners and creating a new urban working class. Overall, the agricultural revolution laid the groundwork for the industrial revolution and the profound social and economic changes that came with it.
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A) a good transportation system
B) developed capitalist practices
C) natural resources
D) technical know-how
E) highly developed agriculture
G) A) and B)
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C
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A) expanding the population.
B) contributing to the creation of a mobile labor force.
C) providing more consumers and greater demand for non-agricultural products.
D) nurturing a healthier population.
E) all of the above
G) C) and E)
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The Industrial Revolution, which began i...View Answer
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Holy Monday, also known as Great Monday,...View Answer
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A) artisans
B) day laborers
C) factory workers
D) servants
E) the unemployed
G) B) and D)
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A
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Factories
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Factories are large indu...View Answer
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Factories are large indu...
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A) The Industrial Revolution began in Britain.
B) The first country to which the Industrial Revolution spread was the United States.
C) The Industrial Revolution spread to France after the French Revolution.
D) Industrialization began in Germany in the 1840s and became phenomenal in the 1870s.
E) Russia began to industrialize in the 1890s.
G) B) and D)
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