A) turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere.
B) rapid changes in the brightnesses and colors of stars caused by changes in their spectra.
C) light pollution.
D) the bubbling and boiling of gases on the surfaces of stars.
F) B) and D)
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A) Light pollution is a type of air pollution created by lightweight gases such as hydrogen and helium.
B) Light pollution is light from human sources that makes it difficult to see the stars at night.
C) Light pollution means contamination of light caused by chemicals in the Earth's atmosphere.
D) Light pollution is a term used to describe the appearance of the sky in regions that are crowded with stars.
F) A) and C)
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A) It is closer to the stars.
B) Stars do not twinkle when observed from space.
C) It can observe infrared and ultraviolet light,as well as visible light.
D) It never has to close because of bad weather.
E) Observers on the ground can use it at any time of day (i.e. ,not only during their night) .
G) A) and B)
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A
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A) X-ray
B) Gamma-ray
C) Infrared
D) Radio
F) A) and C)
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A) the chemical composition of a distant star
B) the speed at which a distant galaxy is moving away from us
C) the surface temperature of a distant star
D) the rotation rate of a distant star
E) the size of a distant galaxy
G) A) and E)
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A) radio
B) infrared
C) visible
D) ultraviolet
E) X-ray
G) A) and D)
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A) radio waves
B) ultraviolet
C) X-rays
D) both B and C
E) both A and C
G) None of the above
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A) Observatory X can detect dimmer stars and Observatory Y reveals more detail in images.
B) Observatory Y can detect dimmer stars and Observatory X reveals more detail in images.
C) Observatory X both detects dimmer stars and reveals more detail in images.
D) Observatory Y both detects dimmer stars and reveals more detail in images.
F) A) and C)
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A) It will allow us to study the highly redshifted light of distant galaxies,enabling us to observe them as they first formed in the early universe.
B) The infrared is not easily visible from Earth's surface.
C) It will allow us to be closer to the most distant galaxies,so we get better pictures.
D) It will allow us to see into other universes that are not visible from Earth's surface.
F) C) and D)
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A) radio
B) infrared
C) visible
D) X-ray
E) gamma-ray
G) B) and E)
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A) New telescopes incorporate new technology to increase their efficiency.
B) Telescopes have to adapt to the greater distortion of the atmosphere at shorter wavelengths.
C) Photons of different energy have different wavelengths,some of which are not accessible from Earth's surface and require different collection strategies.
D) Light pollution is worse at radio wavelengths than visible wavelengths.
E) Astronomers and engineers enjoy the challenge of making new telescope designs.
G) A) and E)
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Adaptive optics corrects for atmospheric distortion by following the distortion of a bright star,possibly an artificial star created by a laser,and rapidly changing the shape of a mirror using computer-controlled actuators to compensate for the distortion.
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A) The two stars will appear to be touching,looking rather like a small dumbbell.
B) The stars will not show up at all in your photograph.
C) The photo will seem to show only one star rather than two.
D) You will see two distinct stars in your photograph.
F) All of the above
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A) They are always shown with colors that are not the true colors of the objects that were photographed.
B) They always are made with adaptive optics.
C) They show us light with extremely long wavelengths compared to the wavelengths of visible light.
D) They always have very high angular resolution.
E) They are always very pretty.
G) A) and C)
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A) In a healthy eye,light is focused on the retina.
B) Film should be placed at the focal plane in a camera.
C) If you try to look at an image that is not formed at the focal plane,it will be blurry.
D) The focal plane of a reflecting telescope is always located within a few inches of the primary mirror.
E) Light can be focused with a lens or a mirror.
G) A) and C)
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A) Light pollution refers to pollution caused by light industry as opposed to heavy industry.
B) Light pollution refers to harmful gases emitted by common street lights.
C) Light pollution refers to light used for human activities that brightens the sky and hinders astronomical observations.
D) Light pollution refers to the lights that must be used inside major observatories and that make it difficult for astronomers' eyes to adapt to darkness.
E) Light pollution is another name for sunlight,which makes it impossible to see stars in the daytime.
G) D) and E)
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C
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It would be better than 0.01 arcsecond b...View Answer
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A) to reduce light pollution
B) to reduce light distortion
C) to reduce light absorption
D) to be able to observe at radio wavelengths
E) to be able to observe at infrared wavelengths
G) B) and E)
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A) It is closer to the stars.
B) Stars do not twinkle when observed from space.
C) It can observe infrared and ultraviolet light,as well as visible light.
D) It never has to close because of cloudy skies.
F) A) and B)
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A) It is a measure of how much energy an object emits in different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
B) It is a measure of how close two spectral lines can be distinguished.
C) It is a measure of how close two point sources can be distinguished.
D) It is the same as angular resolution when applied to telescopes operating at different wavelengths.
F) A) and D)
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