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A) a purely rural phenomenon.
B) largely an urban phenomenon.
C) a movement with strong urban and rural backing.
D) unilaterally rejected by the clergy.
E) restricted to southern Germany alone.
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A) was triggered by Henry's desire for a male heir.
B) enacted a total renunciation of Catholic doctrine.
C) was organized and enacted by Thomas More.
D) resulted in Parliament's authority over all matters of religious doctrine and discipline.
E) stemmed from overwhelming discontent with the Catholic Church in England.
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Multiple Choice
A) Pope Paul III, who proved to be an ultra-conservative in refusing possible changes within the church.
B) the Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index of Forbidden Books.
C) the Council of Trent, which invited Protestants to discuss their doctrines.
D) the pontificate of Paul IV, a moderate pope who proposed to adjudicate all Catholic-Protestant disputes.
E) the recognition that the Jesuits would serve as the ultimate authority in the Catholic Church.
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A) accepted all seven.
B) rejected all of them except baptism and communion, or the Lord's Supper.
C) claimed marriage as the only true sacrament.
D) eliminated extreme unction.
E) eliminated only clerical celibacy.
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Multiple Choice
A) the Council of Pisa's declaration that maintained the necessity of purgatory for salvation.
B) the increase of papal taxes on the German peasantry.
C) widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks.
D) the declaration that the German clergy must pay taxes.
E) the papacy's threat to depose the German emperor.
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True/False
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A) John Wycliffe.
B) Erasmus.
C) Ignatius of Loyola.
D) John Calvin.
E) John Hus.
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A) the Industrial Revolution.
B) the Commercial Revolution.
C) deflation.
D) the Agricultural Revolution.
E) inflation.
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A) Justification is by faith alone.
B) Only two of the Catholic sacraments were accurate and worth keeping.
C) God's word is found in scripture alone.
D) The pope is a false representative of Christ on earth.
E) The sale of indulgences is a proper revenue source for a church.
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A) People sought certainty of salvation through a variety of means including the veneration of relics and the purchase of indulgences.
B) There was a marked decline in popular religious piety in the fifteenth century, as only elites exhibited interest in religion.
C) Most ordinary people were actively engaged in grassroots efforts to do away with orthodox beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church.
D) Many popular religious movements placed their emphasis not only on Christ but on the teaching of the Old Testament.
E) Most Europeans rejected organized religion in favor of secular Renaissance humanism.
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