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Which of the following statements about Nigeria's National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) is accurate?


A) NEEDS has increased the transparency of government finances.
B) NEEDS was shut down by the Jonathan government as a result of allegations by program officials against his cabinet.
C) NEEDS has suffered from serious allegations of corruption and has been generally criticized for the failure to acknowledge corruption in government.
D) NEEDS has primarily been a vehicle for government officials favoring mercantilist policies and the raising of external tariffs.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Over three-fourths of Nigeria's local government councils have been replaced by


A) military councils loyal to the president.
B) elder councils with religious authority derived from Sharia law.
C) "temporary" caretaker committees appointed by state governors.
D) no discernible government structure, resulting in largely lawless regions.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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The practice of "bunkering" involves


A) illegally siphoning oil.
B) discarding crude oil in favor of natural gas.
C) discarding natural gas in favor of crude oil.
D) storing oil outside of the country.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Both the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People and the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta have sought


A) greater freedom of the press for Nigerian journalists.
B) protection of ethnic groups and a greater share of oil revenues in the Niger Delta.
C) greater political autonomy for Muslims in northern Nigeria.
D) greater African cooperation in trade and development issues.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Nigeria's derivation formula determines the


A) awarding of contracts to state and private corporations.
B) ethnic distribution of legislative seats.
C) distribution of foreign aid.
D) distribution of oil revenues between national and local governments.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is a component of Nigeria's constitution of the Second Republic (and all subsequent constitutions) ?


A) combined head of state and head of government
B) unitary structure
C) merged constitutional court and legislature into a single body
D) indirectly elected president

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Personal rule by an authoritarian leader bestowing privileges upon loyal followers is called


A) personalism.
B) patrimonialism.
C) atriarchy.
D) clientelism.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Boko Haram is


A) a nongovernmental organization promoting environmental awareness.
B) a radical Islamist sect.
C) an environmentally sensitive savanna region.
D) Nigeria's largest trade union.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Since the elections of 1999, the dominant political party in Nigerian politics has been the


A) All People's Party.
B) People's Democratic Party.
C) Nigerian Socialist Party.
D) Alliance for Democracy.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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For what major reason was the plan of Ibrahim Babangida and his National Election Commission to bring about reforms that would create a two-party system opposed and defeated?


A) fear of dividing the country further between the Muslim north and Christian south
B) fear of political gridlock that would result from single-party dominance of the legislature
C) the belief that five parties at a minimum would be needed to divide the country's oil wealth
D) fear of making it easier for the military to dominate politics by reducing the number of parties they need to control

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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