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Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding US environmental legislation since 1970?


A) Has been mostly successful -- many endangered species are recovering,soil erosion has declined more than 60%,emissions of six important air pollutants have dropped by more than 25%.
B) Has mainly been a failure - most endangered species have gone extinct,soil erosion has increased 60%,levels of wet sulfate,a major component of acid rain,have increased by 20%.
C) Has been mixed - many endangered species are recovering,much farmland has been conserved,but air pollution and water pollution are worse than in the 1970s.
D) Has had little effect - little land has been conserved,no endangered species have been recovered,and pollution levels have not changed much since the 1970s.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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All of the following would contribute to natural capital,EXCEPT:


A) groundwater
B) soil
C) clean air
D) none of these choices,all are natural capital

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Who was the founder of the Sierra Club and a force behind the establishment of Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks?


A) John Muir
B) Henry David Thoreau
C) John James Audubon
D) Aldo Leopold

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Laws that impose rules and regulations and set limits of pollution are called:


A) command and control.
B) environmental impact statements.
C) legislative documents.
D) legislative directives.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Identify three individuals that have made a significant contribution to the environment and provide a brief explanation of the contribution of each.

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Answers may include:
John James Audubon...

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What is an environmental impact statement (EIS)?List what each EIS must include.How does an environmental impact statement provide protection for the environment?

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An environmental impact statement consid...

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Which of the following would environmental economists consider natural capital?


A) Water purification by a cattail marsh.
B) A water treatment facility.
C) Increased agriculture made possible by irrigation.
D) A severe hurricane like Katrina.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following illustrates a major problem with using gross domestic product as a measure of national productivity?


A) It ignores resource depletion and pollution.
B) It ignores population growth.
C) It is highly unreliable.
D) It overvalues environmental costs.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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In economic terms,oils and chemicals burning in the Cuyahoga River would represent:


A) a national income account
B) overuse of a sink
C) overuse of a source
D) an increase in natural capital

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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What type of pollution control strategy does the Clean Air Act mainly depend on?


A) command-and-control regulation.
B) incentive-based regulation.
C) relative control regulation.
D) environmental impact statements.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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One approach to pollution control is incentive-based regulation.In this tactic:


A) industries adopting specific pollution control methods recommended by the government will get reimbursed by the government for the cost of that pollution control device.
B) industries are encouraged to emit an amount of pollution that is economically most desirable for that company
C) pollution control laws establish emission targets and industries are provided enticements to reduce emissions
D) pollution control laws establish emission requirements with which industries must comply or be forced out of business

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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What is natural capital? Draw a schematic to show how economics is related to natural capital?

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Natural capital is the earth's resources...

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Which of the following are TRUE about environmental taxes: 1) they are a type of incentive based regulation for pollution control 2) they are a type of command and control regulation for pollution control 3) they are designed to be equal to the external cost of pollution


A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 3

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Describe the optimum amount of pollution concept and identify any weaknesses in this approach.What is the nature of the conflicts between this economic view of the environment and an environmentalist's perspective?How can these discrepancies be resolved in a way that benefits the environment?

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The optimum amount of pollution is the a...

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Put the following historical views of the environment in the correct chronological sequence. I.Frontier attitude: desire to conquer and exploit nature as quickly as possible. II.Biocentric preservationists: belief that all life deserves respect and consideration. III.Utilitarian conservationist: view of environment in terms of usefulness for people. IV.Earth Day celebrant: demonstrates support of environmental quality by planting trees,cleaning roadsides and rives and marching in parades.


A) I - II - III - IV
B) IV - III - II - I
C) I - III - II - IV
D) III - IV - I - II

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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What is NEPA and how did it revolutionize environmental protection in the USA?

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The National Environmental Policy Act (N...

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Which of the following people is INCORRECTLY matched with his/her environmental contribution?


A) Rachel Carson: Silent Spring
B) John Muir: Sierra Club
C) Paul Ehrlich: The Population Bomb
D) Theodore Roosevelt: Civilian Conservation Corps

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is NOT included in an Environmental Impact Statement?


A) The nature of the proposal.
B) The short- and long-term effects of the proposal.
C) The reason why the proposal is needed.
D) The guarantees that no species or habitat will be negatively impacted by the proposal.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The author of which of the following books would likely have lectured during the Earth Day celebrations in 1970?


A) A Sand County Almanac
B) Silent Spring
C) The Population Bomb
D) Man and Nature

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Having a bottle of Freon cost a consumer $2,000 to pay for the damage it does to the ozone layer when it is eventually released into the environment is an example of adding in?


A) emission charges.
B) environmental impact statements.
C) marginal costs.
D) external costs.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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