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Exam 17: Methods Opersuasion  

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Question 31

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According to your textbook, the following statement is an example o_______________ reasoning: School administrators in Long Beach, California, report that school uniforms have reduced school crime by 36 percent, increased attendance by 22 percent, and decreased student suspensions by 32 percent. Isuch a policy works in Long Beach, it can work in our school district.

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Question 32

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According to your textbook, what kind oreasoning is used in the following statement? U.S. children raised in two-parent families with incomes below the poverty line have a greater incidence oschool absences, lower test scores, and less chance ofinishing high school than do children raised in one-parent households with incomes at least 10 percent above the poverty line. We can see, therefore, that it is the economic stability othe family, not its family structure, that determines a child's ability to succeed in school.

A) chain reasoning
B) causal reasoning
C) deductive reasoning
D) analogical reasoning
E) practical reasoning

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Question 33

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Supporting materials that are used to prove or disprove something are called evidence.

The ad hominem fallacy draws a comparison between two things that sound essentially alike but are actually essentially different.

The red herring fallacy refers to statements that introduce an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion.

Which othe following does your textbook say about causal reasoning?

In her speech on chewing tobacco, Catherine made the following argument: To be effective, laws governing chewing tobacco sales to minors must be enforced and must have adequate penalties for people who violate the law. My proposal will significantly increase both enforcement provisions and penalties for violators. Therefore, my plan will be effective. What kind oreasoning did Catherine use?

When you reason from specific instances in a speech, you move from a general example to a specific conclusion.

The fallacy o_______________ assumes that something new is automatically better than something old.

What kind oreasoning is used in the following statement? Local control othe school system is the most effective way to educate our children. Therefore, local control othe health care system is the most effective way to maintain the health oour citizens.

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example othe fallacy o_______________ : Whenever the number oice cream sales increase in a coastal area, so does the number oshark attacks. Iwe want to keep our beaches safe, we have to close our ice cream stands.

The fallacy oappeal to novelty assumes that something new is automatically better than something old.

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example owhat type ofallacy? Since the first Tournament oRoses game in 1916, the college bowl system has been a national institution. Changing it now is unthinkable.

According to your textbook, the two most important factors affecting the credibility oa persuasive speaker are

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example owhat type ofallacy? There is no need to change our company's manufacturing process. Our assembly line has worked for the past 80 years, and it will work just fine for the next 80 years.

Audience members were unsure about the credibility oJim Gilchrist, founder othe Minuteman Project border patrol group, when he came to speak on campus. As he spoke, he built his credibility by using high-quality evidence and relating to the concerns ohis audience. After the speech, students agreed they would like to have him visit campus again for a roundtable discussion. According to your textbook, the credibility that Gilchrist produced by the end ohis speech is called _________ credibility.

The _______________ fallacy forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist.

The fallacy o_______________ mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first is the cause othe second.

According to your textbook, emotional appeal is

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example owhat type ofallacy? We must either support the governor's plan to reduce spending on education or we will never be able to balance the state budget.