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At expiration, the time value of an at-the-money put option is always


A) equal to zero.
B) equal to the stock price minus the exercise price.
C) negative.
D) positive.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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The intrinsic value of an at-the-money put option is equal to


A) the stock price minus the exercise price.
B) the put premium.
C) zero.
D) the exercise price minus the stock price.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Which one of the following variables influences the value of call options? I) Level of interest rates II) Time to expiration of the option III) Dividend yield of underlying stock IV) Stock price volatility


A) I and IV only
B) II and III only
C) I, II, and IV only
D) I, II, III, and IV

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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The Black-Scholes formula assumes that I) the risk-free interest rate is constant over the life of the option. II) the stock price volatility is constant over the life of the option. III) the expected rate of return on the stock is constant over the life of the option. IV) there will be no sudden extreme jumps in stock prices.


A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II and II
D) I, II, and IV

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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In volatile markets, dynamic hedging may be difficult to implement because


A) prices move too quickly for effective rebalancing.
B) as volatility increases, historical deltas are too low.
C) price quotes may be delayed so that correct hedge ratios cannot be computed.
D) volatile markets may cause trading halts.
E) All of the options are correct.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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At expiration, the time value of an in-the-money call option is always


A) equal to zero.
B) positive.
C) negative.
D) equal to the stock price minus the exercise price.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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If the stock price decreases, the price of a put option on that stock __________, and that of a call option __________.


A) decreases; increases
B) decreases; decreases
C) increases; decreases
D) increases; increases

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The elasticity of an option is


A) the volatility level for the stock that the option price implies.
B) the continued updating of the hedge ratio as time passes.
C) the percentage change in the stock call-option price divided by the percentage change in the stock price.
D) the sensitivity of the delta to the stock price.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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C

Dynamic hedging is


A) the volatility level for the stock that the option price implies.
B) the continued updating of the hedge ratio as time passes.
C) the percentage change in the stock call-option price divided by the percentage change in the stock price.
D) the sensitivity of the delta to the stock price.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The elasticity of a stock put option is always


A) positive.
B) smaller than one.
C) negative.
D) infinite.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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C

A portfolio consists of 225 shares of stock and 300 calls on that stock.If the hedge ratio for the call is 0.4, what would be the dollar change in the value of the portfolio in response to a $1 decline in the stock price?


A) -$345
B) +$500
C) -$580
D) -$520

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Other things equal, the price of a stock call option is negatively correlated with which of the following factors?


A) The stock price
B) The time to expiration
C) The stock volatility
D) The exercise price

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the inputs in the Black-Scholes option pricing model are directly observable?


A) The price of the underlying security
B) The risk-free rate of interest
C) The time to expiration
D) The variance of returns of the underlying asset return
E) The price of the underlying security, risk-free rate of interest, and time to expiration

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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The intrinsic value of an out-of-the-money call option is equal to


A) the call premium.
B) zero.
C) the stock price minus the exercise price.
D) the striking price.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The intrinsic value of an at-the-money call option is equal to


A) the call premium.
B) zero.
C) the stock price plus the exercise price.
D) the striking price.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Prior to expiration,


A) the intrinsic value of a put option is greater than its actual value.
B) the intrinsic value of a put option is always positive.
C) the actual value of a put option is greater than the intrinsic value.
D) the intrinsic value of a put option is always greater than its time value.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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C

If the hedge ratio for a stock call is 0.30, the hedge ratio for a put with the same expiration date and exercise price as the call would be


A) 0.70.
B) 0.30.
C) -0.70.
D) -0.30.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The elasticity of a stock call option is always


A) greater than one.
B) smaller than one.
C) negative.
D) infinite.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Portfolio A consists of 600 shares of stock and 300 calls on that stock.Portfolio B consists of 685 shares of stock.The call delta is 0.3.Which portfolio has a higher dollar exposure to a change in stock price?


A) Portfolio B
B) Portfolio A
C) The two portfolios have the same exposure.
D) Portfolio A if the stock price increases, and portfolio B if it decreases

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Vega is defined as


A) the change in the value of an option for a dollar change in the price of the underlying asset.
B) the change in the value of the underlying asset for a dollar change in the call price.
C) the percentage change in the value of an option for a 1% change in the value of the underlying asset.
D) the change in the volatility of the underlying stock price.
E) the sensitivity of an option's price to changes in volatility.

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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