Question 1

The finely divided, red, brown, and yellow soil-coloring minerals originate by what process?

Accepted Answer

A)   mechanical weathering of very fine-grained, blue-gray clays
B)   chemical weathering of quartz and feldspars
C)   precipitation of iron oxides during the chemical weathering process
D)   mechanical weathering of the feldspars and micas in granite and rhyoliteE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, why would basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite?

Accepted Answer

A)   The quartz in the gabbro and basalt decomposes very quickly.
B)   The ferromagnesian minerals in the gabbro and basalt are subject to oxidation and chemical breakdown.
C)   The plagioclase feldspars in the granite and rhyolite decompose readily to clay minerals and iron oxides.
D)   The potassium feldspars and quartz in the rhyolite and granite are more susceptible to cracking by frost wedging.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Earthflows and slumps generally involve movement of unconsolidated or weakly consolidated soil and regolith.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Based on the examples and discussion in Chapter 4, what is the relationship of climate to weathering, both chemical and mechanical? Also, are certain climates more susceptible to certain types of weathering? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the examples and discussion in...

Question 5

All of the following are factors affecting mass wasting except for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   gravity
B)   water
C)   slope angle
D)   geologic ageE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which one of the following statements concerning mechanical weathering is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   reduces grain sizes of rock particles
B)   allows for faster rates of chemical weathering
C)   is important in the formation of talus slopes
D)   involves a major change in the mineral composition of the weathered materialE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Unconsolidated, granular materials such as gravel and sand will support maximum slope angles of about 33 to 35 degrees. What is the name for this maximum slope angle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unconsolidated, granular materials such as gravel and...

Question 8

Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.

Accepted Answer

A)   slope angle 
B)   water 
C)   vegetation 
D)   earthquakeE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

Which one of the following is an important, mechanical weathering process for enlarging fractures and extending them deeper into large boulders and bedrock?

Accepted Answer

A)   oxidation
B)   eluviation
C)   hydrologic cycling
D)   frost wedgingE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Repeated freezing and thawing can be important in soil creep movements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning mudflows is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mudflows may be caused by heavy rains or melting snow.
B)   In hilly areas, mudflows move down the canyons and stream valleys.
C)   Mudflows deposit talus slopes.
D)   Mudflows can move and carry very large boulders and other coarse debris.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Which term best describes an accumulation of angular rock fragments at the base of a steep, bedrock slope or cliff?

Accepted Answer

A)   trellis slope
B)   taliche slope
C)   tellus slope
D)   talus slopeE) B) and C)
F) A) and B) D

Question 13

Which one of the following operates primarily in areas of permafrost?

Accepted Answer

A)   rock avalanche
B)   solifluction
C)   soil creep
D)   mudflowE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.

Accepted Answer

A)   wind 
B)   water 
C)   mass wasting 
D)   iceE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

The solum or true soil includes all horizons above the C-horizon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which one of the following statements best describes erosion?

Accepted Answer

A)   disintegration and decomposition of rocks and minerals at the surface
B)   movement of weathered rock and regolith toward the base of a slope
C)   the process by which weathered rock and mineral particles are removed from one area and transported elsewhere
D)   the combined processes of leaching, eluviation, and mass wastingE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Solifluction is an important mass wasting process in areas of permafrost.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 18

________ denotes the downslope movement of soils and regolith.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ denotes the downslope movement of soils...

Question 19

Which term denotes the true soil above the zone of partly weathered bedrock?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term denotes the true soil above...

Question 20

Of the following, which one would most likely be triggered by an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

A)   solifluction
B)   soil creep
C)   slump
D)   rock avalancheE) None of the above
F) All of the above D

Exam 4: Weathering, Soil, and Mass Wasting

The finely divided, red, brown, and yellow soil-coloring minerals originate by what process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, why would basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Earthflows and slumps generally involve movement of unconsolidated or weakly consolidated soil and regolith.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the examples and discussion in Chapter 4, what is the relationship of climate to weathering, both chemical and mechanical? Also, are certain climates more susceptible to certain types of weathering? Why or why not?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are factors affecting mass wasting except for ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following statements concerning mechanical weathering is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unconsolidated, granular materials such as gravel and sand will support maximum slope angles of about 33 to 35 degrees. What is the name for this maximum slope angle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is an important, mechanical weathering process for enlarging fractures and extending them deeper into large boulders and bedrock?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Repeated freezing and thawing can be important in soil creep movements.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning mudflows is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which term best describes an accumulation of angular rock fragments at the base of a steep, bedrock slope or cliff?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which one of the following operates primarily in areas of permafrost?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The solum or true soil includes all horizons above the C-horizon.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following statements best describes erosion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Solifluction is an important mass wasting process in areas of permafrost.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

________ denotes the downslope movement of soils and regolith.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which term denotes the true soil above the zone of partly weathered bedrock?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following, which one would most likely be triggered by an earthquake?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

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D

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True

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D