Question 1

Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves scanning the posted grade list, seeing their A grade, and feeling proud. This ________ simulation had ________ effect on their exam scores.

Accepted Answer

A)   process; little
B)   outcome; little
C)   process; a large
D)   outcome; a largeE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Six-month-old Ohmar recognizes the difference between squares and circles just as accurately as his 3-year-old brother, who can correctly name the different shapes. This fact would most directly challenge

Accepted Answer

A)   Chomsky's language acquisition theory.
B)   Broca's speech theory.
C)   Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis.
D)   Köhler's insight hypothesis.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Telegraphic speech is typical of the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   babbling
B)   one-word
C)   two-word
D)   three-wordE) All of the above
F) None of the above C

Question 4

The study in which people who immigrated to the United States at various ages were compared in terms of their ability to understand English grammar found that

Accepted Answer

A)   age of arrival had no effect on mastery of grammar.
B)   those who immigrated as children understood grammar as well as native speakers.
C)   those who immigrated as adults understood grammar as well as native speakers.
D)   whether English was spoken in the home was the most important factor in mastering the rules of grammar.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Noam Chomsky attributed children's ability to pick up language so readily to

Accepted Answer

A)   trial and error.
B)   intuition.
C)   outcome simulations.
D)   a built-in readiness to learn grammar rules.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called

Accepted Answer

A)   semantics.
B)   telegraphic speech.
C)   grammar.
D)   a prototype.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following would be most characteristic of a 2-year-old's telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

A)   "a doggy"
B)   "eat apple"
C)   "to store"
D)   "ball pretty"E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Semantics refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)   logical and methodical procedures for solving problems.
B)   orderly arrangement of words into grammatically correct sentences.
C)   simple thinking strategies that facilitate quick decision making.
D)   rules by which we derive meaning from sounds.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)   infants babble sounds that occur in their parents' native language.
B)   toddlers maintain a capacity to discriminate language sounds they have never heard.
C)   people most easily master the grammar of a second language during childhood.
D)   preschoolers typically fail to use proper syntax.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Phonemes are the basic units of ________ in language.

Accepted Answer

A)   sound
B)   meaning
C)   grammar
D)   semanticsE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Discuss evidence demonstrating the importance of critical periods for learning language. Explain what these critical periods suggest regarding the biological and environmental influences on language development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss evidence demonstrating the importance of critical...

Question 12

In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns as in "green car." This illustrates an English language rule of

Accepted Answer

A)   semantics.
B)   determinism.
C)   syntax.
D)   phonemes.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of

Accepted Answer

A)   semantics.
B)   syntax.
C)   simulation.
D)   phonics.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Blind people are ________ accurate than sighted people at locating a sound source with one ear plugged, and blind musicians are ________ likely than sighted ones to develop perfect pitch.

Accepted Answer

A)   less; more
B)   more; less
C)   less; less
D)   more; moreE) B) and D)
F) None of the above D

Question 15

The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   Wernicke's area.
B)   Broca's area.
C)   the temporal lobe.
D)   the parietal lobe.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Deaf culture advocates are most likely to object to the use of cochlear implants for

Accepted Answer

A)   children who were deaf prior to learning any language.
B)   adults who have experienced a loss of both vision and language.
C)   children who have never learned sign language.
D)   adults whose hearing becomes impaired later in their lives.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.

Accepted Answer

A)   syntactic
B)   babbling
C)   telegraphic speech
D)   one-wordE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between thinking and language?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Real" thinking requires the use of language.
B)   People sometimes think in images rather than in words.
C)   A thought that cannot be expressed in a particular language cannot occur to speakers of that language.
D)   All of these statements are true.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves

Accepted Answer

A)   studying effectively.
B)   physically relaxing.
C)   receiving a high midterm test grade.
D)   feeling proud about receiving a high midterm test grade.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for

Accepted Answer

A)   overestimating the impact of thinking on language.
B)   overestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language.
C)   underestimating the impact of language on thinking.
D)   underestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D) D

Exam 28: Language and Thought

Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves scanning the posted grade list, seeing their A grade, and feeling proud. This ________ simulation had ________ effect on their exam scores.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Six-month-old Ohmar recognizes the difference between squares and circles just as accurately as his 3-year-old brother, who can correctly name the different shapes. This fact would most directly challenge

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Telegraphic speech is typical of the ________ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The study in which people who immigrated to the United States at various ages were compared in terms of their ability to understand English grammar found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Noam Chomsky attributed children's ability to pick up language so readily to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be most characteristic of a 2-year-old's telegraphic speech?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Semantics refers to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phonemes are the basic units of ________ in language.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss evidence demonstrating the importance of critical periods for learning language. Explain what these critical periods suggest regarding the biological and environmental influences on language development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns as in "green car." This illustrates an English language rule of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blind people are ________ accurate than sighted people at locating a sound source with one ear plugged, and blind musicians are ________ likely than sighted ones to develop perfect pitch.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deaf culture advocates are most likely to object to the use of cochlear implants for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between thinking and language?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves scanning the posted grade list, seeing their A grade, and feeling proud. This simulation had effect on their exam scores.

Correct Answer
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C

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Blind people are accurate than sighted people at locating a sound source with one ear plugged, and blind musicians are likely than sighted ones to develop perfect pitch.

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D

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D