Question 1

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual instincts.
B)  free association.
C)  inner conflicts.
D)  oral fixations.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Denial is a defense mechanism that involves

Accepted Answer

A)  attributing one's own threatening impulses to others.
B)  refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities.
C)  shifting aggressive or sexual impulses toward less threatening targets.
D)  retreating to behavior patterns characteristic of a more infantile stage of development.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 3

Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as

Accepted Answer

A)  regression.
B)  denial.
C)  displacement.
D)  projection.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Self-efficacy refers to our experience of our own

Accepted Answer

A)  narcissism.
B)  self-serving bias.
C)  competence.
D)  reciprocal determinism.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Freud referred to the largely conscious "executive" part of the personality as the

Accepted Answer

A)  Oedipus complex.
B)  superego.
C)  ego.
D)  id.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Freud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for strengthening

Accepted Answer

A)  the Oedipus complex.
B)  free association.
C)  the superego.
D)  erogenous zones.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

People with high self-esteem are LESS likely than those with low self-esteem to

Accepted Answer

A)  be persistent at difficult tasks.
B)  overestimate the accuracy of their beliefs.
C)  manifest self-serving bias.
D)  give in to conformity pressures.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

The Big Five is the term currently used to refer to basic

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical procedures.
B)  personality theories.
C)  trait dimensions.
D)  senses.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Janine is repulsed by the thought of watching a pornographic video.Freud would have attributed these feelings to Janine's

Accepted Answer

A)  ego.
B)  id.
C)  superego.
D)  inferiority complex.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Narcissism refers to excessive

Accepted Answer

A)  self-criticism.
B)  self-control.
C)  self-love.
D)  self-pity.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Because Mr.Maloney trusts his employees,he treats them kindly.His kindness leads them to work hard on his behalf,which in turn increases his trust in them.This pattern of trust,kindness,diligence,and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by

Accepted Answer

A)  possible selves.
B)  the spotlight effect.
C)  self-serving bias.
D)  reciprocal determinism.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Some sexually active college students do not consistently use contraceptives because they see themselves as less vulnerable to unwanted pregnancy than the average college student.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  low self-esteem.
B)  defensive self-esteem.
C)  the spotlight effect.
D)  self-serving bias.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Cultural changes over time within the United States and the Netherlands have been accompanied by ________ in extraversion and ________ in conscientiousness.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases;decreases
B)  decreases;increases
C)  increases;increases
D)  decreases;decreasesE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

According to Freud,thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are

Accepted Answer

A)  part of the inferiority complex.
B)  stored in the collective unconscious.
C)  repressed.
D)  inferiority complexes.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Personality inventories are designed to assess several ________ at once.

Accepted Answer

A)  personalities
B)  types of cultures
C)  motives
D)  traitsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

The interdependent self is most closely associated with a culture that values

Accepted Answer

A)  individualism.
B)  reciprocal determinism.
C)  collectivism.
D)  extraversion.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

The preference for unique and unusual names is most likely representative of a culture characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  modesty.
B)  individualism.
C)  group identification.
D)  collectivism.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which personality theorist would have suggested that many ideas about good and evil that are shared across many different cultures are expressions of universally experienced archetypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud
B)  Karen Horney
C)  Carl Jung
D)  Alfred AdlerE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Compared with Freud,contemporary research psychologists are LESS likely to think of unconscious mental dynamics as involving

Accepted Answer

A)  information processing.
B)  repression.
C)  implicit memory.
D)  right-hemisphere activity.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it.

Accepted Answer

A)  predicting;analyzing
B)  describing;explaining
C)  changing;analyzing
D)  interpreting;observingE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Exam 12: Personality

Because Mr.Maloney trusts his employees,he treats them kindly.His kindness leads them to work hard on his behalf,which in turn increases his trust in them.This pattern of trust,kindness,diligence,and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Personality inventories are designed to assess several ________ at once.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Denial is a defense mechanism that involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with Freud,contemporary research psychologists are LESS likely to think of unconscious mental dynamics as involving

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with high self-esteem are LESS likely than those with low self-esteem to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cultural changes over time within the United States and the Netherlands have been accompanied by ________ in extraversion and ________ in conscientiousness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Self-efficacy refers to our experience of our own

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which personality theorist would have suggested that many ideas about good and evil that are shared across many different cultures are expressions of universally experienced archetypes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Big Five is the term currently used to refer to basic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for strengthening

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janine is repulsed by the thought of watching a pornographic video.Freud would have attributed these feelings to Janine's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some sexually active college students do not consistently use contraceptives because they see themselves as less vulnerable to unwanted pregnancy than the average college student.This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to emphasize the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The preference for unique and unusual names is most likely representative of a culture characterized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Narcissism refers to excessive

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The interdependent self is most closely associated with a culture that values

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud referred to the largely conscious "executive" part of the personality as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud,thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Cultural changes over time within the United States and the Netherlands have been accompanied by in extraversion and in conscientiousness.

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Trait theorists are more concerned with personality than with it.

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